Go 接口（二）

目录：

1. 指针接收器与值接收器
2. 实现多个接口
3. 接口嵌套
4. 接口零值

指针接收器与值接收器

当用指针接收器来实现接口，需要注意。当方法赋值给接口类型时，需要传递地址给接口

type Describer interface {
	Describe()
}
type Person struct {
	name string
	age  int
}

func (p Person) Describe() { // 使用值接受者实现
	fmt.Printf("%s is %d years old\n", p.name, p.age)
}

type Address struct {
	state   string
	country string
}

func (a *Address) Describe() { // 使用指针接受者实现
	fmt.Printf("State %s Country %s", a.state, a.country)
}

func main() {
	// d1变量是一个接口类型（Describer）
	var d1 Describer
	p1 := Person{"Sam", 25}
	d1 = p1
	d1.Describe()
	p2 := Person{"James", 32}
	d1 = &p2
	d1.Describe()

	var d2 Describer
	a := Address{"Washington", "USA"}

	/* 如果下面一行取消注释会导致编译错误：
	cannot use a (type Address) as type Describer
	in assignment: Address does not implement
	Describer (Describe method has pointer
	receiver)
	*/
	//d2 = a

	d2 = &a // 这是合法的
	// 因为在第 22 行，Address 类型的指针实现了 Describer 接口
	d2.Describe()

}

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实现多个接口

当对象赋予，实现的接口时，只能使用接口规定的方法，否则要使用断言来改变

示例：

package main

import "fmt"

type SalaryCalculator interface {
	DisplaySalary()
}

type LeaveCalculator interface {
	CalculateLeavesLeft() int
}

type Employee struct {
	firstName, lastName                    string
	basicPay, pf, totalLeaves, leavesTaken int
}

func (e Employee) DisplaySalary(){
	fmt.Printf("%s %s has salary $%d", e.firstName, e.lastName, (e.basicPay + e.pf))
}

func (e Employee)CalculateLeavesLeft() int{
	return e.totalLeaves - e.leavesTaken
}


func main() {
	e:=Employee{
		"jeff",
		"ding",
		100000,
		200,
		30,
		5,
	}
	var s SalaryCalculator = e
	s.DisplaySalary()
	var l LeaveCalculator = e
	fmt.Println("\n Leaves left =", l.CalculateLeavesLeft())
}

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接口嵌套

当使用嵌套接口时，可以使用内部定义子接口的方法

package main

import "fmt"

type SalaryCalculator interface {
	DisplaySalary()
}

type LeaveCalculator interface {
	CalculateLeavesLeft() int
}

type EmployeeOperations interface {
	SalaryCalculator
	LeaveCalculator
}

type Employee struct {
	firstName string
	lastName string
	basicPay int
	pf int
	totalLeaves int
	leavesTaken int
}

func (e Employee) DisplaySalary(){
	fmt.Printf("%s %s has salary $%d", e.firstName, e.lastName, (e.basicPay + e.pf))
}

func (e Employee)CalculateLeavesLeft() int{
	return e.totalLeaves - e.leavesTaken
}

func main() {
	e:=Employee{
		"jeff",
		"ding",
		100000,
		200,
		30,
		5,
	}
	var e_ops EmployeeOperations = e
	e_ops.DisplaySalary()
	fmt.Println("\n Leaves left =", e_ops.CalculateLeavesLeft())
}

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接口零值

接口的零值为 nil 类型

package main

import "fmt"

type SalaryCalculator interface {
	DisplaySalary()
}

type LeaveCalculator interface {
	CalculateLeavesLeft() int
}

type EmployeeOperations interface {
	SalaryCalculator
	LeaveCalculator
}

type Employee struct {
	firstName string
	lastName string
	basicPay int
	pf int
	totalLeaves int
	leavesTaken int
}

func main() {
	var a EmployeeOperations
	fmt.Println(a)
}