python装饰器的理解

在编写ryu应用程序时候，发现源代码中有许多python装饰器，类似如下：

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPortStatus, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def _port_status_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        reason = msg.reason
        port_no = msg.desc.port_no

        ofproto = msg.datapath.ofproto
        if reason == ofproto.OFPPR_ADD:
            self.logger.info("port added %s", port_no)
        elif reason == ofproto.OFPPR_DELETE:
            self.logger.info("port deleted %s", port_no)
        elif reason == ofproto.OFPPR_MODIFY:
            self.logger.info("port modified %s", port_no)
        else:
            self.logger.info("Illeagal port state %s %s", port_no, reason)

网上查阅资料学习一些相关说明，写一些自己的理解思路，以runoob中的代码为例：

def a_new_decorator(a_func):
 
    def wrapTheFunction():
        print("I am doing some boring work before executing a_func()")
 
        a_func()
 
        print("I am doing some boring work after executing a_func()")
 
    return wrapTheFunction
 
def a_function_requiring_decoration():
    print("I am the function which needs some decoration to remove my foul smell")
 
a_function_requiring_decoration()
#outputs: "I am the function which needs some decoration to remove my foul smell"
 
a_function_requiring_decoration = a_new_decorator(a_function_requiring_decoration)
#now a_function_requiring_decoration is wrapped by wrapTheFunction()
 
a_function_requiring_decoration()
#outputs:I am doing some boring work before executing a_func()
#        I am the function which needs some decoration to remove my foul smell
#        I am doing some boring work after executing a_func()

我们知道python中函数可以作为一个函数的参数，也可以作为一个函数的返回值使用，装饰器中既用一个函数作为参数，同时又把一个函数作为返回值。
分析已经被装饰的a_function_requiring_decoration()的执行过程，可以看到被装饰的a_function_requiring_decoration()是由a_new_decorator（）生成的，函数体定义wrapTheFunction（）的同时返回，执行被装饰的a_function_requiring_decoration()的内容就相当于执行wrapTheFunction（），于是先打印，再执行未被装饰的a_function_requiring_decoration()，最后再打印。

@a_new_decorator
def a_function_requiring_decoration():
    """Hey you! Decorate me!"""
    print("I am the function which needs some decoration to "
          "remove my foul smell")
 
a_function_requiring_decoration()
#outputs: I am doing some boring work before executing a_func()
#         I am the function which needs some decoration to remove my foul smell
#         I am doing some boring work after executing a_func()
 
#the @a_new_decorator is just a short way of saying:
a_function_requiring_decoration = a_new_decorator(a_function_requiring_decoration)

@a_new_decorator就相当于是一种简便的写法罢了。

参考资料

python装饰器详解
Python 函数装饰器