利用Spring AMQP的注解实现RabbitMQ消息发送和监听

最近有个Java项目要引入RabbitMQ，监听另一个非Java项目的消息。

我是Java项目，引入Spring AMQP依赖，利用注解轻松搞定Exchanges、Queues、Routing key的注册绑定，实现消息的监听和发送。

另一个非Java项目因为时间比较赶只实现了消息的监听和发送，Exchanges、Queues、Routing key的注册绑定需要手动进行。

本文介绍下怎么利用Spring AMQP的注解实现RabbitMQ消息发送和监听，以及怎么登录控台手动创建User，Virtual host，绑定Exchanges、Queues、Routing key。

第一部分：利用Spring AMQP的注解实现rabbit消息发送和监听

1.引入pom依赖

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.配置类

@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class RabbitMqConfig {
    @Value("${availableProcessors:4}")
    private Integer availableProcessors;

    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate createRabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory, MetricsManager metricsManager){
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate();
        rabbitTemplate.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        //设置开启Mandatory,才能触发回调函数,无论消息推送结果怎么样都强制调用回调函数
        rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
            @Override
            public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
                log.info("ConfirmCallback:     相关数据：{}", correlationData);
                log.info("ConfirmCallback:     确认情况：{}", ack);
                log.info("ConfirmCallback:     原因：{}", cause);
            }
        });

        rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback(){
            @Override
            public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returned) {
                log.info("ReturnsCallback:     消息：{}", returned);
            }
        });

        return rabbitTemplate;
    }
    /**
     * rabbitListenerContainerFactory是beanName的默认名称，如果不叫这个名称会多出一个默认的bean，@RabbitListener containerFactory
     * @param connectionFactory
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory rabbitListenerContainerFactory(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
        factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        //代码手动ack
        factory.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL);
        //开启消费者数量
        factory.setConcurrentConsumers(availableProcessors);
        // PrefetchCount 每次接受数据量，默认250
        return factory;
    }

3.发送消息

@Component
@Slf4j
public class GenerateImagesSender {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    
    public void convertAndSend(String messageData, String exchange, String routingKey) {
        try {
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routingKey, messageData, (Message message) -> {
                message.getMessageProperties().setHeader("x-delay", TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(1));
                return message;
            });
            log.info("发送消息成功 routingKey:{}", routingKey);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("发送消息失败", e);
        }
    }
}

4.监听消息

@Component
@Slf4j
public class TestReceiver {

    /**
     * 监听xxxx
     *
     * @param tag
     * @param channel
     * @param message
     */
    @RabbitListener(bindings = {@QueueBinding(value = @Queue("Qqueue"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "Exchange", type = "x-delayed-message",
                    arguments = @Argument(name = "x-delayed-type", value = "direct")),
            key = "Routing key")})
    public void generateTextSuccessEvent(@Header(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG) long tag, Channel channel, Message message) {
        MDC.put(TRACE_ID_NAME, "MQ" + UuidUtil.nextAsTextWithoutHyphen16());
        String msg = null;
        try {
            msg = new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8");
            log.info("xxxx完成事件监听......msg:{}", msg);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("xxxx完成事件监听", e);
        } finally {
            ack(tag, channel, msg);
        }
    }

    private void ack(long tag, Channel channel, String msg) {
        try {
            channel.basicAck(tag, false);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("【报警】basicAck失败：msg={}", msg, e);
        }
    }
}

第二部分：登录控台手动创建User、Virtual host，绑定Exchanges、Queues、Routing key

1.创建user

2.创建Virtual host

3.user绑定Virtual host

4.创建Exchanges

5.创建Queues

6.Exchanges绑定Queues