Java之notify和notifyAll区别

在Java中notify()和notifyAll()方法都是Object对象用于通知处在等待该对象的线程的方法。

两者的最大区别在于：

notifyAll方法

使所有原来在该对象上等待被notify的所有线程统统退出wait的状态，变成等待该对象上的锁，一旦该对象被解锁，他们就会去竞争。

notify方法

它只是选择一个wait状态线程进行通知，并使它获得该对象上的锁，但不惊动其他同样在等待被该对象notify的线程，当第一个线程运行完毕以后释放对象上的锁此时如果该对象没有再次使用notify语句，则即便该对象已经空闲，其他wait状态等待的线程由于没有得到该对象的通知，继续处在wait状态，直到这个对象发出一个notify或notifyAll，它们等待的是被notify或notifyAll，而不是锁。

例子：

public class NotifyTest {
    private String flag[] = {"true"};

    class NotifyThread extends Thread {
        public NotifyThread(String name) {
            super(name);
        }

        public void run() {
            try {
                sleep(3000);    // 推迟3秒钟通知
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            synchronized (flag) {
                flag[0] = "false";
                flag.notifyAll();
            }
        }
    }

    class WaitThread extends Thread {
        public WaitThread(String name) {
            super(name);
        }

        public void run() {
            System.out.println(getName() + "  flag:" + flag);
            synchronized (flag) {
                System.out.println(getName() + "  flag:" + flag);
                while (!flag[0].equals("false")) {
                    System.out.println(getName() + " begin waiting!");
                    long waitTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    try {
                        flag.wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    waitTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - waitTime;
                    System.out.println("wait time :" + waitTime);
                }
                System.out.println(getName() + " end waiting!");
            }
            System.out.println(getName() + " end waiting!");

        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("Main Thread Run!");
        NotifyTest test = new NotifyTest();
        NotifyThread notifyThread = test.new NotifyThread("notify01");
        WaitThread waitThread01 = test.new WaitThread("waiter01");
        WaitThread waitThread02 = test.new WaitThread("waiter02");
        WaitThread waitThread03 = test.new WaitThread("waiter03");
        notifyThread.start();
        waitThread01.start();
        waitThread02.start();
        waitThread03.start();
    }
}

结果：

Main Thread Run!
waiter01  flag:[Ljava.lang.String;@584aceca
waiter01  flag:[Ljava.lang.String;@584aceca
waiter02  flag:[Ljava.lang.String;@584aceca
waiter01 begin waiting!
waiter02  flag:[Ljava.lang.String;@584aceca
waiter02 begin waiting!
waiter03  flag:[Ljava.lang.String;@584aceca
waiter03  flag:[Ljava.lang.String;@584aceca
waiter03 begin waiting!
wait time :3000
waiter03 end waiting!
waiter03 end waiting!
wait time :3001
waiter02 end waiting!
waiter02 end waiting!
wait time :3001
waiter01 end waiting!
waiter01 end waiting!