如何使用JS构建复杂的UI--笔记

本文的主旨在于如何设计复杂UI组件。

本文以使用JavaScript实现一个轮播图为栗子。由最基础的实现,到后面的优化都会介绍。

slider包括三个部分:放置图片的主体(ul),控制小圆点及向前向后的按钮。效果图如下:

slider效果图


我们要做一个轮播(slider)组件,应该有两个步骤

  1.  结构设计
    1. 列表结构(图片是一个列表型结构,所以主体用<ul>)
    2. css 绝对定位(使用css绝对定位将图片重叠在同一个位置)
    3. 轮播图切换的状态使用修饰符,命名规范使用BEM(Block_Element-modifier)
    4. 轮播图的切换动画使用 css transition
  2.  API设计,Slider类应该有以下的方法
    1. getSelectedItem()  获取当前轮播图
    2. getSelectedItemIndex() 获取当前位置
    3. slideTo() 直接到某一张图
    4. slideNext() 向前一张图
    5. slidePrevious() 向后一张图

demo1:经过以上的思考及设计实现了一个基础版的Slider

 

index.html 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>mySlider</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"  href="index.css"/>
  <script src="./index.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <div id="my-slider" class="slider-list">
      <ul>
        <li class="slider-list__item--selected"><img src="./img/1 (1).jpg"/></li>
        <li class="slider-list__item"><img src="./img/1 (2).jpg"/></li>
        <li class="slider-list__item"><img src="./img/1 (3).jpg"/></li>
        <li class="slider-list__item"><img src="./img/1 (4).jpg"/></li>
      </ul>
      <a class="slide-list__next"></a>
      <a class="slide-list__previous"></a>
      <div class="slide-list__control">
        <span class="slide-list__control-buttons--selected"></span>
        <span class="slide-list__control-buttons"></span>
        <span class="slide-list__control-buttons"></span>
        <span class="slide-list__control-buttons"></span>
      </div>
  </div>
</body>
</html>

index.css

#my-slider{
  position: relative;
  width: 790px;
  height: 340px;
}

.slider-list ul{
  list-style-type: none;
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.slider-list__item,
.slider-list__item--selected{
  position: absolute;
  transition: opacity 1s;
  opacity: 0;
  text-align: center;
}

li img{
  width: 790px;
  height: 340px;
}
.slider-list__item--selected{
  transition: opacity 1s;
  opacity: 1;
}

.slide-list__control{
  position: relative;
  display: table;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  padding: 5px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  bottom: 30px;
  margin: auto;
}

.slide-list__next,
.slide-list__previous{
  display: inline-block;
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  margin-top: -25px;
  width: 30px;
  height:50px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 50px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
  color: white;
  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
  cursor: pointer;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity .5s;
}

.slide-list__previous {
  left: 0;
}

.slide-list__next {
  right: 0;
}
#my-slider:hover .slide-list__previous {
  opacity: 1;
}
#my-slider:hover .slide-list__next {
  opacity: 1;
}

.slide-list__previous:after {
  content: '<';
}

.slide-list__next:after {
  content: '>';
}

.slide-list__control-buttons,
.slide-list__control-buttons--selected{
  display: inline-block;
  width: 15px;
  height: 15px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  margin: 0 5px;
  background-color: white;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.slide-list__control-buttons--selected {
  background-color: red;
}

index.js

window.onload=function(){
  // 设计api
  // getSelectedItem()
  // getSelectedItemIndex()
  // slideTo()
  // slidePreivous()
  class Slider{
    constructor(id, cycle=3000){
      this.container = document.getElementById(id);
      this.items = this.container.querySelectorAll('.slider-list__item, .slider-list__item--selected');
      this.cycle = cycle;

      const controller = this.container.querySelector('.slide-list__control');
      if(controller){
        const buttons = controller.querySelectorAll(".slide-list__control-buttons, .slide-list__control-buttons--selected");
        controller.addEventListener("mouseover",evt=>{
          // 比较是哪一个btn有mouseover的动作 获取btn的idx
          const idx = Array.from(buttons).indexOf(evt.target);
          if(idx >= 0) {
            this.slideTo(idx);
            this.stop();
          }
        });

        controller.addEventListener("mouseout", evt=>{
          this.start();
        });
              
      // 自定义slide事件,保持btn与图片的index同步
      this.container.addEventListener('slide', evt => {
        const idx = evt.detail.index
        const selected = controller.querySelector('.slide-list__control-buttons--selected');
        if(selected) selected.className = 'slide-list__control-buttons';
        buttons[idx].className = 'slide-list__control-buttons--selected';
      })
      }

      const previous  = this.container.querySelector(".slide-list__previous");
      if(previous){
        previous.addEventListener('click',evt=>{
          this.stop();
          this.slidePrevious();
          this.start();
          evt.preventDefault()
        })
      }
      const next  = this.container.querySelector(".slide-list__next");
      console.log("next", next)
      if(next){
        next.addEventListener('click',evt=>{
          console.log("ssddsds")
          this.stop();
          this.slideNext();
          this.start();
          evt.preventDefault()
        })
      }
      
    }
    getSelectedItem(){
      const selected = this.container.querySelector('.slider-list__item--selected');
      return selected
    }
    getSelectedItemIndex(){
      return Array.from(this.items).indexOf(this.getSelectedItem());
    }
    slideTo(idx){
      const selected = this.getSelectedItem();
      if(selected){ 
        selected.className = 'slider-list__item';
      }
      const item = this.items[idx];
      if(item){
        item.className = 'slider-list__item--selected';
      }
      const detail = {index: idx}
      // 自定义slide事件
      const event = new CustomEvent('slide', {bubbles:true, detail})
      this.container.dispatchEvent(event)
    }
    slideNext(){
      let currentIdx = this.getSelectedItemIndex();
      let nextIdx = (currentIdx + 1) % this.items.length;
      this.slideTo(nextIdx);
    }
    slidePrevious(){
      let currentIdx = this.getSelectedItemIndex();
      let previousIdx = (this.items.length + currentIdx - 1) % this.items.length;
      this.slideTo(previousIdx);  
    }

    start(){
      this.stop();
      this._timer = setInterval(()=>this.slideNext(), this.cycle);
    }

    stop() {
      clearInterval(this._timer);
    }
  }
  const slider = new Slider('my-slider');
  slider.start()
}

demo2: 这个版本主要是了解插件机制,注入依赖

html及css都没有变化,主要是js部分有变化。通过依赖注入的方式,降低耦合度。UI框架常用。


 demo3:改进插件/模板化

当在demo2中只需要轮播的主体的时候,html中的结构依然在,所以想要修改这个这个插件只有主体的时候,还需要修改html

在demo3的版本中我们把html结构也放到js中。

index.html

类似下图,slider及插件都多一个render方法,渲染其对应的html结构

这样 我们就做到了数据驱动组件

 


demo4: 写一个抽象类作为组件的基类,初始化组件。它有注入插件的方法及抽象的render方法

最后的版本 

window.onload=function(){
  // 设计api
  // getSelectedItem()
  // getSelectedItemIndex()
  // slideTo()
  // slidePreivous()
  //模块化
  //将结构与js放在一起
  //数据驱动  使用者只关心数据
  //行为驱动
  //也可将css封装起来
  class Component{
    constructor(id, opts={name, data:[]}) {
      this.container = document.getElementById(id);
      this.options = opts;
      this.container.innerHTML=this.render(opts.data);
    }

    registerPlugins(...plugins){
      plugins.forEach(plugin =>{
        const pluginContainer = document.createElement('div');
        pluginContainer.className = `${name}__plugin`;
        pluginContainer.innerHTML = plugin.render(this.options.data);
        this.container.appendChild(pluginContainer);
        Plugin.action(this);
      })
    }
    render(data) {
      // 抽象方法
      return ''
    }
  }

  class Slider extends Component{
    constructor(id, opts = {name:'slider-list',images:[], cycle: 3000}){
      super(id, opts);
      this.items = this.container.querySelectorAll('.slider-list__item, .slider-list__item--selected');
      this.cycle = opts.cycle || 3000;
      this.slideTo(0);
    }

    render(){
      // 渲染列表
      const images = this.options.images;
      const content = images.map(image => `
        <li class="slider-list__item">
          <img src="${image}"/>
        </li>    
      `.trim());
      
      return `<ul>${content.join('')}</ul>`;
    }
    registerPlugins(...plugins){
      // 结构 + 功能都放在一起
      plugins.forEach(plugin => {
        // 用一个div来装插件
        const pluginContainer = document.createElement('div');
        pluginContainer.className = '.slider-list__plugin';
        pluginContainer.innerHTML = plugin.render(this.options.images);
        // 把插件放在container里的最后一个孩子
        this.container.appendChild(pluginContainer);

        plugin.action(this);
      });
    }
    getSelectedItem(){
      const selected = this.container.querySelector('.slider-list__item--selected');
      return selected
    }
    getSelectedItemIndex(){
      return Array.from(this.items).indexOf(this.getSelectedItem());
    }
    slideTo(idx){
      const selected = this.getSelectedItem();
      if(selected){ 
        selected.className = 'slider-list__item';
      }
      const item = this.items[idx];
      if(item){
        item.className = 'slider-list__item--selected';
      }
  
      const detail = {index: idx}
      const event = new CustomEvent('slide', {bubbles:true, detail})
      this.container.dispatchEvent(event)
    }
    slideNext(){
      const currentIdx = this.getSelectedItemIndex();
      const nextIdx = (currentIdx + 1) % this.items.length;
      this.slideTo(nextIdx);
    }
    slidePrevious(){
      const currentIdx = this.getSelectedItemIndex();
      const previousIdx = (this.items.length + currentIdx - 1) % this.items.length;
      this.slideTo(previousIdx);  
    }
    addEventListener(type, handler){
      this.container.addEventListener(type, handler)
    }
    start(){
      this.stop();
      this._timer = setInterval(()=>this.slideNext(), this.cycle);
    }
    stop(){
      clearInterval(this._timer);
    }
  }
  
  const pluginController = {
    render(images){
      return `
        <div class="slide-list__control">
          ${images.map((image, i) => `
              <span class="slide-list__control-buttons${i===0?'--selected':''}"></span>
           `).join('')}
        </div>    
      `.trim();
    },
    action(slider){
      const controller = slider.container.querySelector('.slide-list__control');
      
      if(controller){
        const buttons = controller.querySelectorAll('.slide-list__control-buttons, .slide-list__control-buttons--selected');
        controller.addEventListener('mouseover', evt => {
          const idx = Array.from(buttons).indexOf(evt.target);
          if(idx >= 0){
            slider.slideTo(idx);
            slider.stop();
          }
        });
  
        controller.addEventListener('mouseout', evt => {
          slider.start();
        });
  
        slider.addEventListener('slide', evt => {
          const idx = evt.detail.index
          const selected = controller.querySelector('.slide-list__control-buttons--selected');
          if(selected) selected.className = 'slide-list__control-buttons';
          buttons[idx].className = 'slide-list__control-buttons--selected';
        });
      }    
    }
  };
  
  const pluginPrevious = {
    render(){
      return `<a class="slide-list__previous"></a>`;
    },
    action(slider){
      const previous = slider.container.querySelector('.slide-list__previous');
      if(previous){
        previous.addEventListener('click', evt => {
          slider.stop();
          slider.slidePrevious();
          slider.start();
          evt.preventDefault();
        });
      }  
    }
  };
  
  const pluginNext = {
    render(){
      return `<a class="slide-list__next"></a>`;
    },
    action(slider){
      const previous = slider.container.querySelector('.slide-list__next');
      if(previous){
        previous.addEventListener('click', evt => {
          slider.stop();
          slider.slideNext();
          slider.start();
          evt.preventDefault();
        });
      }  
    }
  };
  
  
  const slider = new Slider('my-slider', {images:[
    './img/1 (1).jpg',
    './img/1 (2).jpg',
    './img/1 (3).jpg',
    './img/1 (4).jpg',
  ]});
  slider.registerPlugins(pluginController, pluginPrevious, pluginNext);
  slider.start();
}

可在github仓库获取demo4版本

git地址:https://github.com/cindyHua901/smallDemo/tree/master/slider

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