关于Android6.0读写文件权限问题

旧权限无效

今天在写一个异步下载文件进度条的Demo，但是最终运行却提示我没有读写文件的权限，明明已经在配置清单AndroidManifest添加了读写权限了，最后通过百度才知道了Android6.0为了安全，需要开发者手动添加一部分危险权限了。

如何添加动态权限

首先原先在AndroidManifest里面添加的权限依然需要添加

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

然后在JAVA代码中添加如下代码：

 private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1;
 private static String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE = {
     "android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE",
     "android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" };

public static void verifyStoragePermissions(Activity activity) {

        try {
            //检测是否有写的权限
            int permission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity,
                    "android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE");
            if (permission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // 没有写的权限，去申请写的权限，会弹出对话框
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, PERMISSIONS_STORAGE,REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

权限分类：Normal 和 Dangerous

其实在Android6.0之后，并非所有权限都需要动态添加，Google把权限分为了两类：Normal 和 Dangerous，Normal类的权限依然按照6.0之前的写法，Dangerous类的权限则需要开发者动态添加了。下面区分了权限的分类：

Normal 权限

android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE
android.permission.BLUETOOTH
android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY
android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE
android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD
android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
android.permission.FLASHLIGHT
android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
android.permission.INTERNET
android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
android.permission.NFC
android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS
android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
android.permission.REORDER_TASKS
android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE
android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER
android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ
android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR
android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT
android.permission.VIBRATE
android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM
com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT
com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

Dangerous 权限

值得注意的是，危险权限被分组了，就拿文件读写权限来说，读、写权限被分为了一组，同一组的任何一个权限被授权了，其他权限也自动被授权。