Hibernate的HQL简介

HQL（Hibernate Query Language）描写对象操作一种查询语言。Hibernate特有。
与SQL语法基本一致，不同的是HQL是面象对象的查询，查询的是对象和对象中的属性
HQL的关键字不区分大小写，但类名和属性名区分大小写

在Hibernate 提供的各种检索方式中, HQL是使用最广的一种检索方式. 它有如下功能:
在查询语句中设定各种查询条件
支持投影查询, 即仅检索出对象的部分属性
支持分页查询
支持连接查询
支持分组查询, 允许使用 HAVING 和 GROUP BY 关键字
提供内置聚集函数, 如 sum(), min() 和 max()
能够调用 用户定义的 SQL 函数或标准的 SQL 函数
支持子查询
支持动态绑定参数

测试类：

package com.my.bean;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;

import cn.itcast.util.SessionUtils;

public class TestHQL {
	
	
	@Test
	public void demo01(){
		// 查询所有 HQL
		Session session = SessionUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Customer");
		List<Customer> allCustomer = query.list(); 
		
		for (Customer customer : allCustomer) {
			System.out.println(customer.getName());
		}
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void demo02(){
		// 查询 带有条件的，可以使用别名 AS
		Session session = SessionUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		Query query = session.createQuery("FROM Customer AS c WHERE c.id = 5");  
		Customer customer =  (Customer) query.uniqueResult();
		
		System.out.println(customer.getName());
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void demo03(){
		// 排序 order by ， asc 升序 | desc 降序
		Session session = SessionUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();

		Query query = session.createQuery("from Customer c order by c.id desc");
		
		List<Customer> all = query.list();
		for (Customer customer : all) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void demo04(){
		// 查询部分内容
		Session session = SessionUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();

		//将部分数据，封装到Customer 对象中
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new Customer(c.name) from Customer c");  //必须提供相应的构造方式
		
		List all = query.list();
		
		System.out.println(all);
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void demo05(){
		// 分页，查询订单
		Session session = SessionUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();

		
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Order");
		// 添加分页条件
		// 第一页
		query.setFirstResult(0);
		query.setMaxResults(7);

		List<Order> all = query.list();
		for (Order order : all) {
			System.out.println(order);
		}
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void demo06(){
		// 参数
		Session session = SessionUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();

		//使用？
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Customer c where c.id = ? ");
		
		// 需要绑定参数，将实际参数替换?
		query.setParameter(0, 5);
		List<Customer> all = query.list();
		for (Customer customer : all) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		
		//* 使用hibernate提供的别名
		Query query1 = session.createQuery("from Customer c where c.id = :id ");
		
		query1.setInteger("id", 5); //第一个参数就是hql中定义名称   :名称
		
		List<Customer> all = query1.list();
		for (Customer customer : all) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		
		
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void demo07(){
		// 聚合函数
		Session session = SessionUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		// 使用hibernate提供的别名
		Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Customer");
		
		Object obj = query.uniqueResult();
		
		Long totalPage = (Long) obj;
		
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}

	
	@Test
	public void demo08(){
		// 左外连接 -- left outer join
		Session session = SessionUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		//* 使用hibernate提供的别名
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Customer c left outer join c.orderSet");
		
		// List 保存数据为 List ,数组中每一个元素又一个对象数组Object[],存放的是Customer，存放是Order
		List<Object[]> all = query.list();
		for (Object[] objArr : all) {
			System.out.println(objArr);
			//objArr[0] --> Customer
			//objArr[1] --> Order
		}
		
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	

	@Test
	public void demo09(){
		// 迫切左外连接 -- left outer join fetch  ， 将数据封装到对象
		Session session = SessionUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		//* 使用hibernate提供的别名  , 使用 distinct进行去重
		Query query = session.createQuery("select distinct c from Customer c left outer join fetch c.orderSet");
		
		List<Customer> all = query.list();
		for (Customer customer : all) {
			System.out.println(customer);
		}
		
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void demo10(){
		// 命名查询
		Session session = SessionUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		Query query = session.getNamedQuery("findAllCustomer"); //获得配置文件中的名称
		
		System.out.println(query.list().size());
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		
	}

}

命名查询的hbm文件配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.my.bean">
	<class name="Customer" table="t_customer">
		<id name="id">
			<generator class="native"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="name"></property>
		
		<set name="orderSet" cascade="save-update">
			<key column="customer_id"/>
			<one-to-many class="Order"/>
		</set>
	</class>
	
	<!-- 定义全局的HQL语句 -->
	<query name="findAllCustomer">
		<![CDATA[from Customer]]> 
	</query>
	
</hibernate-mapping>