$(foreach val,list,text)#在text中取出符合patten格式的值
$(filter patten…,text)#在text中取出符合patten格式的值
$(filter-out patten…,text )#在text中取出不符合patten格式的值
$(wildcard patten) #patten定义了文件名的格式
#wildcard取出其中真实存在的文件
$(patsubst patten,replacement,text)#从列表中取出每一个值,若符合patten格式,则替换为replacement格式
eg:
A = a b c
B = $(foreach f,$(A),$(f).o)
C = a b c d/
D = $(filter %/,$(C))
E = $(filter-out %/,$(C))
files = $(wildcard *.c)
files2 = d.c A.c B.c c.c e.c
files3 = $(wildcard $(files2))
dep_files = $(patsubst %.c,%d,$(files2))
all:
@echo B = $(B)
@echo D = $(D)
@echo E = $(E)
@echo files = $(files)
@echo files2 = $(files3)
@echo dep_files = $(dep_files)
gcc -M c.c//打印出c的依赖文件
gcc -M -MF c.d c.c //把依赖文件写入文件场c.d
gcc -c -o c.o c.c -MD -MF c.d//编译c.o,把依赖文件写入c.d
eg:
objs = A.o B.o C.o
dep_files := $(patsubst %,.%.d,$(objs))
dep_files := $(wildcard $(dep_files))
CFLAGS = -Werror -Iinclude#把所有警告当错误处理,-I(头文件夹名),让gcc去-I指定的文件夹搜索.h文件
test:$(objs)
gcc -o test $^
ifneq ($(dep_files),)
include $(dep_files)
endif
%.o : %.c
gcc $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $< -MD -MF .$@.d #.$@.d的最开始.代表隐藏文件
clean:
rm *.o test
distclean:
rm $(dep_files)
.PHONY:clean