Python基础：元组、集合与字典

1. 元组

1. 定义

class tuple(object):
    """
    tuple() -> empty tuple
    tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
    
    If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
    """

1. 如果没有参数，则定义一个空元组。
2. 如果参数是一个可迭代对象，则元组初始化为可迭代对象的内容。
3. 如果参数是一个元组，则返回值是同一个对象。

2. 方法

1. count(self, value)

    def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
        return 0

返回值出现的次数。

2. index(self, value, start=None, stop=None)

    def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
        Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
        """
        return 0

返回值第一次出现的索引。

2. 集合

1. 定义

class set(object):
    """
    set() -> new empty set object
    set(iterable) -> new set object
    
    Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
    """

2. 方法

1. add(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def add(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Add an element to a set.
        
        This has no effect if the element is already present.
        """
        pass

1. 在集合中添加一个元素。
2. 如果集合中已存在该元素则无影响（集合中的元素不能重复）。

2. clear(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def clear(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Remove all elements from this set. """
        pass

清空集合中的元素。

3. copy(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def copy(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return a shallow copy of a set. """
        pass

返回一个浅拷贝副本。

4. difference(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set.
        
        (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)
        """
        pass

5. difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Remove all elements of another set from this set. """
        pass

6. discard(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def discard(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Remove an element from a set if it is a member.
        
        If the element is not a member, do nothing.
        """
        pass

7. intersection(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def intersection(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Return the intersection of two sets as a new set.
        
        (i.e. all elements that are in both sets.)
        """
        pass

8. intersection_update(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def intersection_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Update a set with the intersection of itself and another. """
        pass

9. pop(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def pop(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Remove and return an arbitrary set element.
        Raises KeyError if the set is empty.
        """
        pass

10. remove(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def remove(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Remove an element from a set; it must be a member.
        
        If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.
        """
        pass

11. union(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def union(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Return the union of sets as a new set.
        
        (i.e. all elements that are in either set.)
        """
        pass

12. update(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Update a set with the union of itself and others. """
        pass

3. 字典

1. 定义

class dict(object):
    """
    dict() -> new empty dictionary
    dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
        (key, value) pairs
    dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
        d = {}
        for k, v in iterable:
            d[k] = v
    dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
        in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
    """

2. 方法

1. clear(self)

    def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D. """
        pass

2. copy(self)

    def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """
        pass

3. fromkeys(*args, **kwargs)

    def fromkeys(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value. """
        pass

4. get(self, k, d=None)

    def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaults to None. """
        pass

5. items(self)

    def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """
        pass

6. keys(self)

    def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """
        pass

7. pop(self, k, d=None)

    def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
        If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
        """
        pass

8. popitem(self)

    def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
        2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
        """
        pass

9. setdefault(self, k, d=None)

    def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """
        pass

10. update(self, E=None, **F)

    def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update
        """
        D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
        If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does:  for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
        If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does:  for k, v in E: D[k] = v
        In either case, this is followed by: for k in F:  D[k] = F[k]
        """
        pass

11. values(self)

    def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values """
        pass