SpringDataJpa快速入门,包括springdatajpa与hibernate、jpa之间的关系;Spring Data JPA的入门案例环境的搭建、CRUD等操作。

对Spring Data JPA做了一个基本的简介,包括springdatajpa与hibernate、jpa之间的关系;Spring Data JPA的入门案例环境的搭建、CRUD等操作。

SpringDataJPA的概述

在这里插入图片描述

Spring Data JPA 是 Spring 基于 ORM 框架、JPA 规范的基础上封装的一套JPA应用框架,可使开发者用极简的代码即可实现对数据库的访问和操作。它提供了包括增删改查等在内的常用功能,且易于扩展!学习并使用 Spring Data JPA 可以极大提高开发效率!在JPA的基础上再做了一层封装

特性:

Spring Data JPA 极大的简化了数据库访问层代码(持久层)。如何简化呢?使用了Spring Data JPA,我们的dao层只需要写接口,再配置包扫描,我们只需要调用接口对象,将会自动生成动态代理对象执行增删查改、分页等操作。

Spring Data JPA与JPA与hibernate之间的关系

JPA是一套规范,内部由接口和抽象类实现;hibernate是一套成熟的ORM框架,且hibernate实现了JPA规范,所以hibernate是JPA的一种实现方式,我们使用JPA中的API编程,意味着站在更高的角度看代问题(面向接口编程。)

Spring Data JPA是Spring提供的一套对JPA操作更加高级的封装。
springdatajpa与hibernate与jap之间的关系

Spring Data JPA快速入门

  1. 环境搭建

    • Maven工程

    • 依赖

      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
          <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      
          <groupId>ctgu.rxz</groupId>
          <artifactId>springdataJpa01</artifactId>
          <packaging>pom</packaging>
          <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
      
          <properties>
              <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
              <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
              <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
              <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
              <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
              <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
          </properties>
      
          <dependencies>
              <!-- junit单元测试 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>junit</groupId>
                  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                  <version>4.12</version>
                  <scope>test</scope>
              </dependency>
      
              <!-- spring beg -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
                  <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
                  <version>1.9.4</version>
              </dependency>
      
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
                  <version>${spring.version}</version>
              </dependency>
      
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                  <version>${spring.version}</version>
              </dependency>
      
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
                  <version>${spring.version}</version>
              </dependency>
              <!--是spring对orm相关支持的包-->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
                  <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
              </dependency>
      
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                  <version>${spring.version}</version>
              </dependency>
      
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                  <version>${spring.version}</version>
              </dependency>
      
              <!-- spring end -->
      
              <!-- hibernate beg -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                  <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
                  <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                  <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
                  <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                  <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
                  <version>5.4.1.Final</version>
              </dependency>
              <!-- hibernate end -->
      
              <!-- c3p0 beg -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
                  <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
                  <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
              </dependency>
              <!-- c3p0 end -->
      
              <!-- log end -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                  <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                  <version>${log4j.version}</version>
              </dependency>
      
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                  <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                  <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
              </dependency>
      
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                  <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                  <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
              </dependency>
              <!-- log end -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                  <version>${mysql.version}</version>
              </dependency>
              <!--springdatajpa的坐标-->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
                  <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
              </dependency>
      
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                  <version>${spring.version}</version>
              </dependency>
      
              <!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
                  <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
                  <version>2.2.4</version>
              </dependency>
      
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
                  <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
                  <version>2.2.4</version>
              </dependency>
              <!-- el end -->
          </dependencies>
      </project>
      
  2. 配置文件

    • 1.配置数据库连接池
    • 2.配置entityManageFactory对象交给Spring容器管理
      • 1)配置实体类包扫描
      • 2)配置JPA的实现厂家
      • 3)配置JPA的供应适配器(指定数据库)
    • 3.设置JPA事务管理器
    • 4.整合Spring Data JPA,指定dao接口的包名称,声明要对此包下的dao接口进行动态代理
    • 5.AOP事务管理
    • 6.配置spring包扫描
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
           xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
           xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
        <!--spring和spring data jpa的配置-->
        <!--配置包扫描-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="ctgu"/>
        <!--1.配置数据库连接池-->
        <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
            <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
            <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?characterEncoding=utf-8"/>
            <property name="user" value="root"/>
            <property name="password" value="root"/>
        </bean>
        <!--2.配置entityManageFactory对象交给spring容器管理  指定实体类所在的包名称-->
        <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
            <!--i 配置的是扫描的包(实体类所在的包)-->
            <property name="packagesToScan" value="ctgu.pojo"/>
            <!--ii 配置Jpa的实现厂家-->
            <property name="persistenceProvider">
                <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
            </property>
            <!--iii 配置JPA的供应商适配器-->
            <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
                <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                    <!--配置是否自动创建数据库表-->
                    <property name="generateDdl" value="false"/>
                    <!--指定数据库类型,注意全部是大写-->
                    <property name="database" value="MYSQL"/>
                    <!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法(每个数据库都有细微的差别)-->
                    <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/>
                    <property name="showSql" value="true"/>
                </bean>
            </property>
            <!--配置Jpa的方言:高级的特性,不同的实现厂商有各自的特性,比如Hibernate-->
            <property name="jpaDialect">
                <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/>
            </property>
        </bean>
        <!-- 3.JPA事务管理器  -->
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
            <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
        </bean>
        <!--4.整合spring dataJpa   指定dao接口的包名称 声明要对此包下的dao接口进行动态代理增强,生成simpleJpaRepository代理类-->
        <jpa:repositories base-package="ctgu.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
                          entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
    
        <!--5.txAdvice-->
        <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
            <tx:attributes>
                <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
                <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
                <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            </tx:attributes>
        </tx:advice>
        <!-- 6.aop-->
        <aop:config>
            <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* cn.itcast.service.*.*(..))"/>
            <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
        </aop:config>
    </beans>
    
  3. 编写实体类,完成数据库和实体类之间的关系映射

    • 1.配置实体类与表的映射关系(此pojo与数据库中的那一张表关系映射)
      • @Entiy
      • @Table(name=“数据库表的名称”)
    • 2.实体类中属性与表中字段的映射关系
      • @Id(“name”)数据库中的主键字段名
      • @GeneratedValue(value)
        • strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY:自增 Mysql(底层数据库支持的自增长方式对id自增)
        • strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE:序列 Oracle(底层数据库必须支持序列)
        • strategy=GenerationType.TABLE:jpa提供的一种机制,通过一张数据库表的形式帮助我们完成自增
        • strategy=GenerationType.AUTO:有程序自动的帮助我们选择主键生成策略
      • @Column(name=“value”)数据库中表的字段名
        注意:
        默认@Column()配置是可以省略的,遵从驼峰式命名,也就是遇到大写字母会转成 ‘_’ ,但是如果配置下面的代码就不能省略了,属于无修改命名。
        比如数据库中字段名是:user_name, 则对应实体类中写成 userName
    package ctgu.pojo;
    import javax.persistence.*;
    @Entity
    @Table(name = "cst_customer")
    public class Customer {
        /**
         * @ Id声明主键的设置
         * @ GeneratedValue配置主键是生成策略(自动增长)
         *              GenerationType.IDENTITY
         * @ Column(name = "cust_id")数据库中表中字段的名字
         */
        @Id
        @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
        @Column(name = "cust_id")
        private Long custId;
        @Column(name = "cust_name")
        private String custName;
        @Column(name = "cust_source")
        private String custSource;
        @Column(name = "cust_industry")
        private String custIndustry;
        @Column(name = "cust_level")
        private String custLevel;
        @Column(name = "cust_address")
        private String custAddress;
        @Column(name = "cust_phone")
        private String custPhone;
    
        public Long getCustId() {
            return custId;
        }
        public void setCustId(Long custId) {
            this.custId = custId;
        }
        public String getCustName() {
            return custName;
        }
        public void setCustName(String custName) {
            this.custName = custName;
        }
        public String getCustSource() {
            return custSource;
        }
        public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
            this.custSource = custSource;
        }
        public String getCustIndustry() {
            return custIndustry;
        }
        public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
            this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
        }
        public String getCustLevel() {
            return custLevel;
        }
        public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
            this.custLevel = custLevel;
        }
        public String getCustAddress() {
            return custAddress;
        }
        public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
            this.custAddress = custAddress;
        }
        public String getCustPhone() {
            return custPhone;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Customer{" +
                    "custId=" + custId +
                    ", custName='" + custName + '\'' +
                    ", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' +
                    ", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' +
                    ", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' +
                    ", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' +
                    ", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
        public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
            this.custPhone = custPhone;
        }
    }
    
  4. 编写dao接口

编写接口需要遵循:

  • 实现JpaRepository<T,V>和JpaSpecificationExecutor接口。
    • JpaRepository<T,V>:用于完成基本的CRUD操作。
      • T:与数据库表对应的实体类型
      • V:与数据库表对应实体的主键类型
    • JpaSpecificationExecutor:与数据库表对应的实体类型
  • 提供相应的泛型
package ctgu.dao;
import ctgu.pojo.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import java.util.List;
/**
 * 符合springDataJpa的dao层接口规范
 *      JpaRepository<操作的实体类型,实体类型中的 主键 属性的类型>
 *          i 封装了基本的CRUD的操作
 *      JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型>
 *          i 封装了复杂查询(分页操作)
 */
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
}

  1. 测试
package ctgu.test;
import ctgu.dao.CustomerDao;
import ctgu.pojo.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 声明sping提供的单元测试环境
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class CustomerDaoTest {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerDao customerDao;
    /**
     * 根据id查询
     * findOne(主键)
     */
    @Test
    public void findCustomer(){
        Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(2L);
        System.out.println(customer);
    }

Spring Data JPA实现CRUD

完成上述入门案例后,我们对Customer类进行CRUD测试:

  1. save(Object)
 /**
     * save()保存或者更新
     * 如果传入的对象没有id属性,那么就是保存;
     * 如果存在id属性,就根据id查询后,再更新
     */
    @Test
    public void saveCustomer(){
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setCustAddress("湖北省宜昌市");
        customer.setCustName("coderxz");
        customerDao.save(customer);
    }
    @Test
    public void updateCustomer(){
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setCustAddress("湖北省宜昌市");
        customer.setCustName("coderxz(修改)");
        customer.setCustId(5L);
        customerDao.save(customer);
    }
  1. findOne(主键属性)
/**
     * 根据id查询
     * findOne(主键)
     */
    @Test
    public void findCustomer(){
        Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(2L);
        System.out.println(customer);
    }
  1. getOne(主键属性)
/**
     * getOne(Long id)
     *     测试时需要加入 @Transactional保证getOne()正常运行
     * getOne和findOne有什么区别呢?em是EntityManager对象
     *    findOne()
     *     底层调用 em.find()   立即加载
     *    getOne()
     *     底层调用 em.getReference() 延迟加载
     */
    @Test
    @Transactional
    public void getOne(){
        Customer customer = customerDao.getOne(4L);
        System.out.println(customer);
    }
  1. delete(主键/对象)
 /**
     * 根据id进行删除
     * 先根据id进行查询,如果有再执行删除  执行了select后执行delete
     */
    @Test
    public void deleteCustomer(){
        customerDao.delete(2L);
    }
  1. findAll()/count()/exists
 @Test
    public void findAllCustomer(){
        List<Customer> list = customerDao.findAll();
        for(Customer customer:list){
            System.out.println(customer);
        }
    }
    @Test
    public void countCustomer(){
        long count = customerDao.count();
        System.out.println("统计客户总条数:"+count);
    }
    /**
     * 测试用户是否存在
     * 底层执行的是select
     */
    @Test
    public void ExistsCustomer(){
        boolean exists = customerDao.exists(10L);
        System.out.println("id为10的用户存在吗?"+exists);
    }
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