Web静态服务器-1-显示固定的页面
#coding=utf-8
import socket
from multiprocessing import Process
def handleClient(clientSocket):
'用一个新的进程,为一个客户端进行服务'
recvData = clientSocket.recv(2014)
requestHeaderLines = recvData.splitlines()
for line in requestHeaderLines:
print(line)
responseHeaderLines = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
responseHeaderLines += "\r\n"
responseBody = "hello world"
response = responseHeaderLines + responseBody
clientSocket.send(response)
clientSocket.close()
def main():
'作为程序的主控制入口'
serverSocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
serverSocket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
serverSocket.bind(("", 7788))
serverSocket.listen(10)
while True:
clientSocket,clientAddr = serverSocket.accept()
clientP = Process(target = handleClient, args = (clientSocket,))
clientP.start()
clientSocket.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Web静态服务器-2-显示需要的页面
#coding=utf-8
import socket
from multiprocessing import Process
import re
def handleClient(clientSocket):
'用一个新的进程,为一个客户端进行服务'
recvData = clientSocket.recv(2014)
requestHeaderLines = recvData.splitlines()
for line in requestHeaderLines:
print(line)
httpRequestMethodLine = requestHeaderLines[0]
getFileName = re.match("[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", httpRequestMethodLine).group(1)
print("file name is ===>%s"%getFileName) #for test
if getFileName == '/':
getFileName = documentRoot + "/index.html"
else:
getFileName = documentRoot + getFileName
print("file name is ===2>%s"%getFileName) #for test
try:
f = open(getFileName)
except IOError:
responseHeaderLines = "HTTP/1.1 404 not found\r\n"
responseHeaderLines += "\r\n"
responseBody = "====sorry ,file not found===="
else:
responseHeaderLines = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
responseHeaderLines += "\r\n"
responseBody = f.read()
f.close()
finally:
response = responseHeaderLines + responseBody
clientSocket.send(response)
clientSocket.close()
def main():
'作为程序的主控制入口'
serverSocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
serverSocket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
serverSocket.bind(("", 7788))
serverSocket.listen(10)
while True:
clientSocket,clientAddr = serverSocket.accept()
clientP = Process(target = handleClient, args = (clientSocket,))
clientP.start()
clientSocket.close()
#这里配置服务器
documentRoot = './html'
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Web静态服务器-3-使用类
#coding=utf-8
import socket
import sys
from multiprocessing import Process
import re
class WSGIServer(object):
addressFamily = socket.AF_INET
socketType = socket.SOCK_STREAM
requestQueueSize = 5
def __init__(self, server_address):
#创建一个tcp套接字
self.listenSocket = socket.socket(self.addressFamily,self.socketType)
#允许重复使用上次的套接字绑定的port
self.listenSocket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
#绑定
self.listenSocket.bind(server_address)
#变为被动,并制定队列的长度
self.listenSocket.listen(self.requestQueueSize)
def serveForever(self):
'循环运行web服务器,等待客户端的链接并为客户端服务'
while True:
#等待新客户端到来
self.clientSocket, client_address = self.listenSocket.accept()
#方法2,多进程服务器,并发服务器于多个客户端
newClientProcess = Process(target = self.handleRequest)
newClientProcess.start()
#因为创建的新进程中,会对这个套接字+1,所以需要在主进程中减去依次,即调用一次close
self.clientSocket.close()
def handleRequest(self):
'用一个新的进程,为一个客户端进行服务'
recvData = self.clientSocket.recv(2014)
requestHeaderLines = recvData.splitlines()
for line in requestHeaderLines:
print(line)
httpRequestMethodLine = requestHeaderLines[0]
getFileName = re.match("[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", httpRequestMethodLine).group(1)
print("file name is ===>%s"%getFileName) #for test
if getFileName == '/':
getFileName = documentRoot + "/index.html"
else:
getFileName = documentRoot + getFileName
print("file name is ===2>%s"%getFileName) #for test
try:
f = open(getFileName)
except IOError:
responseHeaderLines = "HTTP/1.1 404 not found\r\n"
responseHeaderLines += "\r\n"
responseBody = "====sorry ,file not found===="
else:
responseHeaderLines = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
responseHeaderLines += "\r\n"
responseBody = f.read()
f.close()
finally:
response = responseHeaderLines + responseBody
self.clientSocket.send(response)
self.clientSocket.close()
#设定服务器的端口
serverAddr = (HOST, PORT) = '', 8888
#设置服务器服务静态资源时的路径
documentRoot = './html'
def makeServer(serverAddr):
server = WSGIServer(serverAddr)
return server
def main():
httpd = makeServer(serverAddr)
print('web Server: Serving HTTP on port %d ...\n'%PORT)
httpd.serveForever()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
服务器动态资源请求
1. 浏览器请求动态页面过程
2. WSGI
怎么在你刚建立的Web服务器上运行一个Django应用和Flask应用,如何不做任何改变而适应不同的web架构呢?在以前,选择 Python web 架构会受制于可用的web服务器,反之亦然。如果架构和服务器可以协同工作,那就好了。但有可能面对(或者曾有过)下面的问题,当要把一个服务器和一个架构结合起来时,却发现他们不是被设计成协同工作的。
那么,怎么可以不修改服务器和架构代码而确保可以在多个架构下运行web服务器呢?答案就是 Python Web Server Gateway Interface (或简称 WSGI,读作“wizgy”)。
WSGI允许开发者将选择web框架和web服务器分开。可以混合匹配web服务器和web框架,选择一个适合的配对。比如,可以在Gunicorn 或者 Nginx/uWSGI 或者 Waitress上运行 Django, Flask, 或 Pyramid。真正的混合匹配,得益于WSGI同时支持服务器和架构。
web服务器必须具备WSGI接口,所有的现代Python Web框架都已具备WSGI接口,它让你不对代码作修改就能使服务器和特点的web框架协同工作。
WSGI由web服务器支持,而web框架允许你选择适合自己的配对,但它同样对于服务器和框架开发者提供便利使他们可以专注于自己偏爱的领域和专长而不至于相互牵制。其他语言也有类似接口:java有Servlet API,Ruby 有 Rack。
3.定义WSGI接口
WSGI接口定义非常简单,它只要求Web开发者实现一个函数,就可以响应HTTP请求。我们来看一个最简单的Web版本的“Hello World!”:
def application(environ, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
return 'Hello World!'
上面的application()函数就是符合WSGI标准的一个HTTP处理函数,它接收两个参数:
environ:一个包含所有HTTP请求信息的dict对象;
start_response:一个发送HTTP响应的函数。
整个application()函数本身没有涉及到任何解析HTTP的部分,也就是说,把底层web服务器解析部分和应用程序逻辑部分进行了分离,这样开发者就可以专心做一个领域了
不过,等等,这个application()函数怎么调用?如果我们自己调用,两个参数environ和start_response我们没法提供,返回的str也没法发给浏览器。
所以application()函数必须由WSGI服务器来调用。有很多符合WSGI规范的服务器。而我们此时的web服务器项目的目的就是做一个极可能解析静态网页还可以解析动态网页的服务器。
Web动态服务器-1
#coding=utf-8
import socket
import sys
from multiprocessing import Process
import re
class WSGIServer(object):
#定义类属性
addressFamily = socket.AF_INET
socketType = socket.SOCK_STREAM
requestQueueSize = 5
def __init__(self, serverAddress):
#定义实例属性于初始化属性、对象
#创建一个tcp套接字
self.listenSocket = socket.socket(self.addressFamily,self.socketType)
#允许重复使用上次的套接字绑定的port
self.listenSocket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
#绑定
self.listenSocket.bind(serverAddress)
#变为被动,并制定队列的长度
self.listenSocket.listen(self.requestQueueSize)
self.servrName = "localhost"
self.serverPort = serverAddress[1]
def serveForever(self):
'循环运行web服务器,等待客户端的链接并为客户端服务'
while True:
#等待新客户端到来
self.clientSocket, client_address = self.listenSocket.accept()
#方法2,多进程服务器,并发服务器于多个客户端。在serveForever()函数中调用进程函数handleRequest()。
newClientProcess = Process(target = self.handleRequest)
newClientProcess.start()
#因为创建的新进程中,会对这个套接字+1,所以需要在主进程中减去依次,即调用一次close
self.clientSocket.close()
def setApp(self, application):
'设置此WSGI服务器调用的应用程序入口函数'
self.application = application
def handleRequest(self):
'用一个新的进程,为一个客户端进行服务'
self.recvData = self.clientSocket.recv(2014)
requestHeaderLines = self.recvData.splitlines()
for line in requestHeaderLines:
print(line)
httpRequestMethodLine = requestHeaderLines[0]
getFileName = re.match("[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", httpRequestMethodLine).group(1)
print("file name is ===>%s"%getFileName) #for test
if getFileName[-3:] != ".py":
if getFileName == '/':
getFileName = documentRoot + "/index.html"
else:
getFileName = documentRoot + getFileName
print("file name is ===2>%s"%getFileName) #for test
try:
f = open(getFileName)
except IOError:
responseHeaderLines = "HTTP/1.1 404 not found\r\n"
responseHeaderLines += "\r\n"
responseBody = "====sorry ,file not found===="
else:
responseHeaderLines = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
responseHeaderLines += "\r\n"
responseBody = f.read()
f.close()
finally:
response = responseHeaderLines + responseBody
self.clientSocket.send(response)
self.clientSocket.close()
else:
#根据接收到的请求头构造环境变量字典
env = {}
#调用应用的相应方法,完成动态数据的获取
bodyContent = self.application(env, self.startResponse)
#组织数据发送给客户端
self.finishResponse(bodyContent)
def startResponse(self, status, response_headers):
serverHeaders = [
('Date', 'Tue, 31 Mar 2016 10:11:12 GMT'),
('Server', 'WSGIServer 0.2'),
]
self.headers_set = [status, response_headers + serverHeaders]
def finishResponse(self, bodyContent):
try:
status, response_headers = self.headers_set
#response的第一行
response = 'HTTP/1.1 {status}\r\n'.format(status=status)
#response的其他头信息
for header in response_headers:
response += '{0}: {1}\r\n'.format(*header)
#添加一个换行,用来和body进行分开
response += '\r\n'
#添加发送的数据
for data in bodyContent:
response += data
self.clientSocket.send(response)
finally:
self.clientSocket.close()
#设定服务器的端口
serverAddr = (HOST, PORT) = '', 8888
#设置服务器静态资源的路径
documentRoot = './html'
#设置服务器动态资源的路径
pythonRoot = './wsgiPy'
def makeServer(serverAddr, application):
server = WSGIServer(serverAddr)
server.setApp(application)
return server
def main():
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
sys.exit('请按照要求,指定模块名称:应用名称,例如 module:callable')
#获取module:callable
appPath = sys.argv[1]
#根据冒号切割为module和callable
module, application = appPath.split(':')
#添加路径套sys.path
sys.path.insert(0, pythonRoot)
#动态导入module变量中指定的模块
module = __import__(module)
#获取module变量中指定的模块的,application变量指定的属性
application = getattr(module, application)
httpd = makeServer(serverAddr, application)
print('WSGIServer: Serving HTTP on port %d ...\n'%PORT)
httpd.serveForever()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
应用程序示例
import time
def app(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
return [str(environ)+'==Hello world from a simple WSGI application!--->%s\n'%time.ctime()]
Web动态服务器-2-传递数据给应用
#coding=utf-8
import socket
import sys
from multiprocessing import Process
import re
class WSGIServer(object):
addressFamily = socket.AF_INET
socketType = socket.SOCK_STREAM
requestQueueSize = 5
def __init__(self, serverAddress):
#创建一个tcp套接字
self.listenSocket = socket.socket(self.addressFamily,self.socketType)
#允许重复使用上次的套接字绑定的port
self.listenSocket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
#绑定
self.listenSocket.bind(serverAddress)
#变为被动,并制定队列的长度
self.listenSocket.listen(self.requestQueueSize)
self.servrName = "localhost"
self.serverPort = serverAddress[1]
def serveForever(self):
'循环运行web服务器,等待客户端的链接并为客户端服务'
while True:
#等待新客户端到来
self.clientSocket, client_address = self.listenSocket.accept()
#方法2,多进程服务器,并发服务器于多个客户端
newClientProcess = Process(target = self.handleRequest)
newClientProcess.start()
#因为创建的新进程中,会对这个套接字+1,所以需要在主进程中减去依次,即调用一次close
self.clientSocket.close()
def setApp(self, application):
'设置此WSGI服务器调用的应用程序入口函数'
self.application = application
def handleRequest(self):
'用一个新的进程,为一个客户端进行服务'
self.recvData = self.clientSocket.recv(2014)
requestHeaderLines = self.recvData.splitlines()
for line in requestHeaderLines:
print(line)
httpRequestMethodLine = requestHeaderLines[0]
getFileName = re.match("[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", httpRequestMethodLine).group(1)
print("file name is ===>%s"%getFileName) #for test
if getFileName[-3:] != ".py":
if getFileName == '/':
getFileName = documentRoot + "/index.html"
else:
getFileName = documentRoot + getFileName
print("file name is ===2>%s"%getFileName) #for test
try:
f = open(getFileName)
except IOError:
responseHeaderLines = "HTTP/1.1 404 not found\r\n"
responseHeaderLines += "\r\n"
responseBody = "====sorry ,file not found===="
else:
responseHeaderLines = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
responseHeaderLines += "\r\n"
responseBody = f.read()
f.close()
finally:
response = responseHeaderLines + responseBody
self.clientSocket.send(response)
self.clientSocket.close()
else:
#处理接收到的请求头
self.parseRequest()
#根据接收到的请求头构造环境变量字典
env = self.getEnviron()
#调用应用的相应方法,完成动态数据的获取
bodyContent = self.application(env, self.startResponse)
#组织数据发送给客户端
self.finishResponse(bodyContent)
def parseRequest(self):
'提取出客户端发送的request'
requestLine = self.recvData.splitlines()[0]
requestLine = requestLine.rstrip('\r\n')
self.requestMethod, self.path, self.requestVersion = requestLine.split(" ")
def getEnviron(self):
env = {}
env['wsgi.version'] = (1, 0)
env['wsgi.input'] = self.recvData
env['REQUEST_METHOD']= self.requestMethod # GET
env['PATH_INFO'] = self.path # /index.html
return env
def startResponse(self, status, response_headers, exc_info=None):
serverHeaders = [
('Date', 'Tue, 31 Mar 2016 10:11:12 GMT'),
('Server', 'WSGIServer 0.2'),
]
self.headers_set = [status, response_headers + serverHeaders]
def finishResponse(self, bodyContent):
try:
status, response_headers = self.headers_set
#response的第一行
response = 'HTTP/1.1 {status}\r\n'.format(status=status)
#response的其他头信息
for header in response_headers:
response += '{0}: {1}\r\n'.format(*header)
#添加一个换行,用来和body进行分开
response += '\r\n'
#添加发送的数据
for data in bodyContent:
response += data
self.clientSocket.send(response)
finally:
self.clientSocket.close()
#设定服务器的端口
serverAddr = (HOST, PORT) = '', 8888
#设置服务器静态资源的路径
documentRoot = './html'
#设置服务器动态资源的路径
pythonRoot = './wsgiPy'
def makeServer(serverAddr, application):
server = WSGIServer(serverAddr)
server.setApp(application)
return server
def main():
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
sys.exit('请按照要求,指定模块名称:应用名称,例如 module:callable')
#获取module:callable
appPath = sys.argv[1]
#根据冒号切割为module和callable
module, application = appPath.split(':')
#添加路径套sys.path
sys.path.insert(0, pythonRoot)
#动态导入module变量中指定的模块
module = __import__(module)
#获取module变量中制定的模块的application变量指定的属性
application = getattr(module, application)
httpd = makeServer(serverAddr, application)
print('WSGIServer: Serving HTTP on port {port} ...\n'.format(port=PORT))
httpd.serveForever()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()