【RabbitMQ Learning Journey】死信队列

（rabbitmq学习内容来源于蚂蚁课堂）

死信队列 听上去像 消息“死”了 ，其实也有点这个意思，

死信队列  是 当消息在一个队列 因为下列原因:

1.消息被拒绝（basic.reject或basic.nack）并且requeue=false.

2.消息TTL过期

3.队列达到最大长度（队列满了，无法再添加数据到mq中）

应用场景分析

在定义业务队列的时候，可以考虑指定一个死信交换机，并绑定一个死信队列，当消息变成死信时，该消息就会被发送到该死信队列上，这样就方便我们查看消息失败的原因了。

channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, false); 丢弃消息

本文基于上一篇文章

1.生产者服务，定义死信队列，生产者代码无边化。

2.消费者服务，rabbitmq配置，改为手动应答

acknowledge-mode: manual

3.编写死信队列消费者代码

package com.google.msg.sms;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Headers;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author wk
 * @Description:死信队列消费者
 * @date 2019/12/12 17:03
 **/
@Component
public class FanoutSmsDeadConsumer {

    //模拟messageId存储 消息是否被消费存储
    static Map<String, Boolean> messageIdsCache = new HashMap<>();


    @RabbitListener(queues = "dead_queue")
    public void process(Message message, @Headers Map<String, Object> headers, Channel channel) throws Exception {
        String messageId = message.getMessageProperties().getMessageId();
        if (!messageIdsCache.containsKey(messageId)) {
            messageIdsCache.put(messageId, false);
        }
        if (messageIdsCache.get(messageId)) {
            System.out.println("死信队列FanoutSmsDeadConsumer 该消息已被消费！");
            return;
        }
        String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8");
        //消息是否消费
        messageIdsCache.put(messageId, true);
        channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        System.out.println("短信服务调用成功！死信队列FanoutSmsDeadConsumer " + msg + "，messageId: " + messageIdsCache.toString());
    }
}

4.编写短信消费者代码

package com.google.msg.sms;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Headers;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author wk
 * @Description:RabbitMQ手动应答模式；普通队列绑定死信队列
 * @date 2019/12/12 17:03
 **/
@Component
public class FanoutSmsConsumer4 {

    //模拟messageId存储 消息是否被消费
    static Map<String, Boolean> messageIdsCache = new HashMap<>();


    @RabbitListener(queues = "FANOUT_SMS_QUEUE4")
    public void process(Message message, @Headers Map<String, Object> headers, Channel channel) throws Exception {
        String messageId = message.getMessageProperties().getMessageId();
        if (!messageIdsCache.containsKey(messageId)) {
            messageIdsCache.put(messageId, false);
        }
        if (messageIdsCache.get(messageId)) {
            System.out.println("FanoutSmsConsumer4 该消息已被消费！");
            return;
        }
        String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8");
        try {
            JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(msg);
            int result = 1 / jsonObject.getInteger("number");
            System.out.println("result:" + result);
            //业务执行成功，消息被消费
            messageIdsCache.put(messageId, true);
            //手动ack
            Long deliveryTag = (Long) headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
            //手动签收
            channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
            System.out.println("短信服务调用成功！FanoutSmsConsumer4 " + msg+"，messageId: "+messageIdsCache.toString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            //拒绝消费消息（丢弃消息）给死信队列
            channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, false);
        }
    }
}

5.测试运行：

①消费者4 FanoutSmsConsumer4 正常消费情况：

    启动生产者服务，投递消息 值i=1

启动消费者服务，

控制台输出：

result:1
短信服务调用成功！FanoutSmsConsumer4 {"number":1,"sms":"1357760345@qq.com","content":"SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ","timestamp":1582909129349}，messageId: {0e7dda37-a900-48bf-adc2-999d82961740=true}

②消费者4 FanoutSmsConsumer4 消费失败情况：投递消息 值i=0

http://127.0.0.1:2100/sendMessage?queueName=FANOUT_SMS_QUEUE4&i=0

消费者控制台报错

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
    at com.google.msg.sms.FanoutSmsConsumer4.process(FanoutSmsConsumer4.java:39)

消息被死信队列消费者消费：

控制台输出：

短信服务调用成功！死信队列FanoutSmsDeadConsumer {"number":0,"sms":"1357760345@qq.com","content":"SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ","timestamp":1582909402480}，messageId: {2abcb252-9321-4bca-bba5-b64448f43b25=true}