linux rpm包方式安装mysql8.0

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一、下载相关rpm包

官方rpm包下载地址：
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

mysql-community-client-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

下载rpm包时要认清对应的系统版本，el7代表的是Linux 7版本，依次类推。

转载：查看操作系统版本号的命令

二、按照以下顺序进行安装

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装过程中可能会遇到以下异常：

[root@localhost mysql_rpm]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
        mariadb-libs 被 mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 取代

解决方法：

[root@localhost mysql_rpm]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost mysql_rpm]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
错误：依赖检测失败：
        libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) 被 (已安裝) postfix-2:2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
        libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) 被 (已安裝) postfix-2:2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
[root@localhost mysql_rpm]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64

三、数据库初始化

[root@localhost mysql_rpm]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

数据库初始化成功后会在日志文件中随机生成初始密码，注意保存下来

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
2023-02-03T06:55:54.523261Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.31) initializing of server in progress as process 41643
2023-02-03T06:55:54.552161Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-02-03T06:55:55.517362Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-02-03T06:55:57.053474Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: er:ExOzaI1b.

注意： er:ExOzaI1b. 就是随机生成的初始密码

四、启动mysql服务

[root@localhost mysql_rpm]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost mysql_rpm]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 五 2023-02-03 14:56:27 CST; 5s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 42677 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 42714 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─42714 /usr/sbin/mysqld

2月 03 14:56:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
2月 03 14:56:27 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

启动mysql服务
systemctl start mysqld
查看mysql服务状态
systemctl status mysqld
停止mysql服务
systemctl stop mysqld
重启mysql服务
systemctl restart mysqld

五、登录mysql修改root用户密码

[root@localhost mysql_rpm]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.31

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost mysql_rpm]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.31 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost mysql_rpm]# 

mysql登录命令：

mysql -uroot -p

修改用户密码：

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '密码';

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