23种设计模式之享元模式(10)

• 享元模式（flyweight），运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。

• 享元模式可以避免大量非常相似类的开销。在程序设计中，有时需要生成大量细粒度的类实例来表示数据。如果能发现这些实例除了几个参数外基本都是相同的，有时就能够受大幅度地减少需要实例化类的数量。如果能够把那些参数移到类实例的外面，在方法调用时将他们传递进来。

• 如果一个应用程序使用了大量的对象，而大量的这些对象造成了很大的存储开销时就应该考虑使用；还有就是对象的大多数状态可以外部状态，如果删除对象的外部状态，那么可以用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象，此时可以考虑享元模式。
  

• Flyweight.java

  /**
   * 所有具体享元类的超类或接口
   */
  public abstract class Flyweight {
      public abstract void Operation(int extrinsicsstate);
  }
  

• ConcreteFlyweight.java

  public class ConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight {
      @Override public void Operation(int extrinsicsstate) {
          System.out.println("具体flyweight:" + extrinsicsstate);
      }
  }
  

• FlyweightFactory.java

  public class FlyweightFactory {
  
      private Hashtable<String,Flyweight> flyweights = new Hashtable();
  
      public FlyweightFactory() {
          flyweights.put("x", new ConcreteFlyweight());
          flyweights.put("y", new ConcreteFlyweight());
          flyweights.put("z", new ConcreteFlyweight());
      }
  
      public Flyweight getFlyweights(String key) {
          return (flyweights.get(key));
      }
  }
  

• UnsharedConcreteFlyweight.java

  public class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight {
      @Override public void Operation(int extrinsicsstate) {
          System.out.println("不共享的具体flyweight:" + extrinsicsstate);
      }
  }
  

• Main.java

  public class Main {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          int extrinsicstate = 22;
          FlyweightFactory f = new FlyweightFactory();
  
          final Flyweight fx = f.getFlyweights("x");
          fx.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
  
          final Flyweight fy = f.getFlyweights("y");
          fx.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
  
          final Flyweight fz = f.getFlyweights("z");
          fx.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
  
          Flyweight uf = new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight();
          uf.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
      }
  }