android6.0:动态权限申请步骤

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-09 09:18:26 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-09 09:18:26 发布

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android6.0:动态权限申请步骤

1. 前言

Android 6.0 虽然相对于上一个版本更新幅度较小，但也带来了一写全新的特性，这里就主要谈一谈 android 6.0–权限管理，开发过程中，就需要开发者去动态的权限申请。

2. 何时需要动态权限申请

targetSdkVersion >=23 ，只有当我们把targetSdkVersion设置为大于等于23的时候，才会需要主动的申请权限；当targetSdkVersion小于23时是不需要动态申请。

3. 需要动态申请的权限

group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS

group:android.permission-group.PHONE
permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL

group:android.permission-group.PHONE
permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL

group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR

group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
permission:android.permission.CAMERA

group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS

group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO

group:android.permission-group.SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

4.动态申请权限的步骤
1.在AndroidManifest.xml文件中申请需要的权限：

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.twodreams.epd970.notes">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

2.判断是否有获取到权限：

 if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

        }

ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission，用于判断app是否已经对某个权限授权，该方法只有两个返回值
PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED //表示尚未授权
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED //表示已授权

3.判断是否有拒绝过授权：

if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
    Toast.makeText(this, "获取读取本地文件的权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new String[{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
} else {
     /*首次申请权限时*/
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{
                        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
                }, 0);               
}

如果未拒绝授权，则表示为首次授权；反之表示再次申请授权，提醒用户授权用意。

4.权限申请的回调处理：

首先需要实现接口ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback，注意一点，该接口必须由 Activity 来实现，接下来重写回调方法onRequestPermissionsResult。

@Override
 public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
         @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
     //判断请求码，确定当前申请的权限
     if (requestCode == REQUEST_CAMERA) {
         //判断权限是否申请通过
         if (grantResults.length == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
             //授权成功
         } else {
             //授权失败
         }
     } else {
         super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
     }
 }

回调方法的返回结果：

requestCode ：请求码，在提交申请权限时，传入的请求码一致。
permissions：申请的权限数组。
grantResults：权限申请结果，与permissions 一一对用，表示各个权限的授权情况。

示例：
AndroidMannifest.xml文件：

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.twodreams.epd970.notes">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity
            android:name=".activity.MainActivity"
            android:screenOrientation="portrait"
            android:windowSoftInputMode="stateHidden|adjustNothing">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

Activity代码：

public void getPermission() {
        //判断是否授权
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            //判断是否拒接过授权
            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "获取读取本地文件的权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
            } else {
                /*首次申请权限时*/
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{
                        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
                }, 0);
            }
        }
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "获取读取本地文件的权限read", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},2);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case 0:
                if(grantResults.length==2&&grantResults[0]!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    finish();
                }
                if(grantResults.length==2&&grantResults[1]!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    finish();
                }
                break;
            case 1:
                if(grantResults.length==1&&grantResults[0]!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    finish();
                }
                break;
            case 2:
                if(grantResults.length==1&&grantResults[0]!=PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    finish();
                }
                break;

            default:
                break;
        }

        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    }