Feign

一、定义

1）简介

Feign使得编写java http客户端变得更容易，它使用Jersey和CXF等工具为ReST或SOAP服务编写Java客户端。有了它我们就不用谢restTemplate、webClient 调用 HTTP APIs 规则的 ReSTful 接口。
Feign 10.x 需要jdk 8, 9 ,11 支持，如果是jdk 6 可以用 Feign 9.x 。
官方地址：https://github.com/OpenFeign/feign

2）原理

• 接口定义，添加@注解；
• 调用接口时，本质就是调用FeiFeignClientgn生成的动态代理；
• Feign动态代理根据接口上的@RequestMapping等注解，动态构造出调用服务的地址；
• 针对地址发起请求、解析响应；

3）Feign和Ribbon、Eureka整合

二、SpringCloud Feign的使用步骤

2.1、Eureka Service端(服务端)

1）pom文件

<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>

<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>
	
	<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
    </dependency>

2）配置文件
application.properties

#服务端端口
server.port=8761
#服务端禁用注册
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false

3）启用 EurekaServer

@SpringBootApplication
//通过注解启用
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
	}
}

3） EurekaServer 启动成功

2.2、Eureka Clinet(服务提供端)

1）pom文件

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>
		<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>
	
	<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>

2）配置文件
application.properties

#服务端口
server.port=12345

bootstrap.properties

#应用名称
spring.application.name=waiter-service

3）启用 EurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient 注解启用client

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class WaiterServiceApplication implements WebMvcConfigurer {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(WaiterServiceApplication.class, args);
	}
	｝

注意：在本地启用EurekaServer，本地EurekaClient不需要配置注册地址，默认会注册上EurekaServer
4）验证启动结果

2.3、Eureka Clinet(服务消费端)

1）pom文件

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
	</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

      <dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
			<artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2）配置文件
application.properties

#服务端口0表示任意端口
server.port=0
#feig超时时间设置
feign.client.config.default.connect-timeout=500
feign.client.config.default.read-timeout=500

bootstrap.properties

#服务名称
spring.application.name=customer-service

3）启用Feign
@EnableFeignClients 表示启动Feign

@SpringBootApplication
@Slf4j
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class CustomerServiceApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(CustomerServiceApplication.class, args);
	}

	/**
	 * 重新构造httpClient
	 * @return
	 */
	@Bean
	public CloseableHttpClient httpClient() {
		return HttpClients.custom()
				.setConnectionTimeToLive(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
				.evictIdleConnections(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
				.setMaxConnTotal(200)
				.setMaxConnPerRoute(20)
				.disableAutomaticRetries()
				.setKeepAliveStrategy(new CustomConnectionKeepAliveStrategy())
				.build();
	}
}

4）定义interface 并加上服务提供方相关配置

@FeignClient(name = "waiter-service", contextId = "coffeeOrder")
public interface CoffeeOrderService {
    @GetMapping("/order/{id}")
    CoffeeOrder getOrder(@PathVariable("id") Long id);

    @PostMapping(path = "/order/", consumes = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE,
            produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
    CoffeeOrder create(@RequestBody NewOrderRequest newOrder);
}

• waiter-service 表示服务提供方服务名称；
• contextId = “coffeeOrder” 中表示 通过coffeeOrder区别服务提供方接口；
• 此interface 不需要有实现类，配置好以后直接调用；

5）调用远程接口

@Component
@Slf4j
public class CustomerRunner implements ApplicationRunner {
    @Autowired
    private CoffeeService coffeeService;
    @Autowired
    private CoffeeOrderService coffeeOrderService;

    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        readMenu();
           }
｝