Django in Ubuntu part_0

Django in Ubuntu part0

installed Django Version:1.11.17
use python 2.7

1. 安装

root@iZwz969jm0y04abuhgx4byZ:~# apt-get install python-setuptools
root@iZwz969jm0y04abuhgx4byZ:~# python -m pip install "django<2"
root@iZwz969jm0y04abuhgx4byZ:~# python
Python 2.7.12 (default, Nov 12 2018, 14:36:49) 
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
>>> django.VERSION
(1, 11, 17, u'final', 0)
>>> 

如果python版本为3.5以上，可以使用 easy_install django安装。

2. 创建新项目

使用pip 安装的话，用

root@iZwz969jm0y04abuhgx4byZ:~# django-admin.py
Note that only Django core commands are listed as settings are not properly configured (error: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.).
root@iZwz969jm0y04abuhgx4byZ:~# django-admin startproject HelloWorld
root@iZwz969jm0y04abuhgx4byZ:~# cd HelloWorld/
root@iZwz969jm0y04abuhgx4byZ:~/HelloWorld# tree
.
├── HelloWorld
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py

1 directory, 5 files

Error：Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings

Solve: django-admin 不要py

Error: DisallowedHost at / Invalid HTTP_HOST header

Solve: 将项目名称下的 settings.py 中的 ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] 改成 ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

3. 视图和URL配置

3.1 视图

在先前创建的 HelloWorld 目录下的 HelloWorld 目录新建一个 view.py 文件，并输入代码：

from django.http import HttpResponse
 
def hello(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello world ! ")

3.2 URL配置

接着，绑定 URL 与视图函数。打开 urls.py 文件，删除原来代码，将以下代码复制粘贴到 urls.py 文件中：

from django.conf.urls import url
 
from . import view
 
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', view.hello),
]

#3.3 编译

不需要，服务器会自动在更改后编译

随后编译 view.py 和 urls.py文件

root@iZwz969jm0y04abuhgx4byZ:~/HelloWorld/HelloWorld# python -m py_compile urls.py

3.4 打开服务器

注：如果是 Django >= 2.0 的版本，urls.py 的 django.conf.urls 已经被 django.urls 取代。

django.urls 的用法参考如下：

from django.urls import path
from . import view

urlpatterns = [
    path('', view.hello),
    path('world/', view.world)
]

其中最大的几个改变如下：

import url 变成了 import path

如果是路径，则须在路径后加个/

旧版 django 的用法：

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import view
 
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^hello$', view.hello),
]

新版的参考写法：

from django.urls import path
from . import view

urlpatterns = [
    path('hello/', view.hello),
]