JS 类型判断总结

JS 类型判断

JS中数据类型

定义数据定义数据

let str = “我是字符串”;
let num = 100;
let bool = true;
let fn = () => {};
let sym = Symbol();
let und = undefined;
let nul = null;
let obj = { name: “张三” };
let arr = [ 1, 3, 5 ];
let set = new Set();
let map = new Map();
let wSet = new WeakSet();
let wMap = new WeakMap();

判断类型的4种方法

方法一:typeof

typeof可以识别的有 string、number、boolean、undefined、symbol function，无法识别null、object、array。typeof会把null、object、array、Set、Map、WeakSet、WeakMap都归类为object。

console.log(typeof str) —> string
console.log(typeof num) —> number
console.log(typeof bool) —> boolean
console.log(typeof fn) —> function
console.log(typeof sym) —> symbol
console.log(typeof und) —> undefined
console.log(typeof nul ) —> object
console.log(typeof obj) —> object
console.log(typeof arr) —> object
console.log(typeof set) —> object
console.log(typeof map ) —> object
console.log(typeof wSet) —> object
console.log(typeof wMap) —> object

方法二：instanceof

instanceof不能识别出的数据类型 number、boolean、string、undefined、unll、symbol。

console.log(str instanceof String);—> false
console.log(num instanceof Number);—> false
console.log(bool instanceof Boolean);—> false
console.log(fn instanceof Function);—> true
console.log(sym instanceof Symbol);—> false
console.log(und instanceof Object);—> false
console.log(nul instanceof Object);—> false
console.log(obj instanceof Object);—> true
console.log(arr instanceof Array);—> true

但是对于是使用new声明的类型，它还可以检测出多层继承关系。

let newStr = new String(‘我是新的字符串’);
console.log(newStr instanceof String);—> true
console.log(set instanceof Set);—> true
console.log(map instanceof Map);—> true
console.log(wSet instanceof WeakSet);—> true
console.log(wMap instanceof WeakMap);—> true

其实也很好理解，js的继承都是采用原型链来继承的。比如objA instanceof A，其实就是看objA的
原型链上是否有A的原型上是否有A的原型。所以instanceof一般用来检测对象类型，以及继承关系。

方法三：constructor

因为null、undefined没有construstor方法，所以undefined、null不能用constructor判断。但是他是不安全的，因为contructor的指向是可以被改变。 不建议使用

console.log(bool.constructor === Boolean);—> true
console.log(num.constructor === Number);—> true
console.log(str.constructor === String);—>true
console.log(arr.constructor === Array);—>true
console.log(obj.constructor === Object);—>true
console.log(fn.constructor === Function);—>true
console.log(sym.constructor === Symbol);—>true
console.log(set.constructor === Set);—>true
console.log(map.constructor === Map);—>true
console.log(wSet.constructor === WeakSet);—>true
console.log(wMap.constructor === WeakMap);—>true

方法四：Object.prototype.toString.call

这个方法可以相对较全的判断js的数据类型。个人比较喜欢

console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(bool));—>[object Boolean]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(num));—>[object Number]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(str));—>[object String]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(und));—>[object Undefined]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(nul));—>[object Null]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(arr));—>[object Array]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(obj));—>[object Object]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(fn));—>[object Function]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(sym)); —>[object Symbol]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(set));—>[object Set]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(map));—>[object Map]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(wSet));—>[object WeakSet]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(wMap)); —>[object WeakMap]

其实个人推荐用 lodash 或者其他第三方库的方法