红宝书第六章 面向对象编程

• ECMA-262 defines an object as an “unordered collection of properties each of which contains
  a primitive value, object, or function.”

UNDERSTANDING OBJECTS

• Data Properties
  • the default property attributes: Configurable Enumerable Writable Value
  • setting configurable to false means that the property cannot be removed from the object.
  • Object.defineProperty()
• Accessor Properties
  • Configurable Enumerable Get Set
• Defining Multiple Properties Object.defineProperties()
• Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor()

Object Creation

The Factory Pattern

function createPerson(name, age, job){
	var o = new Object();
	o.name = name;
	o.age = age;
	o.job = job;
	o.sayName = function(){
		console.log(this.name);
	};
	return o;
}
var person1 = createPerson("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");

• With no way to define classes in ECMAScript,developers created functions to encapsulate the creation of objects with specific interfaces
• this solved the problem of creating multiple similar objects
• the factory pattern didn’t address the issue of object identification (what type of object an object is)

The Constructor Pattern

function Person(name, age, job){
	this.name = name;
	this.age = age;
	this.job = job;
	this.sayName = function(){
		console.log(this.name);
	};
}
var person1 = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
console.log(person1.constructor == Person)
console.log(person1 instanceof Object)
console.log(person1 instanceof Person)

• with the following exceptions:
  • There is no object being created explicitly
  • The properties and method are assigned directly onto the this object
  • There is no return statement.
• Constructors as Functions
  • constructors in ECMAScript are used to create specific types of objects
  • constructors are simply functions that create objects
  • Any function that is called with the new operator acts as a constructor
• Problems with Constructors
  • methods are created once for each instance

为了性能，尽量避免使用__prototype__

• 作为setter属性时：用Object.create()代替__proto__
  Dog.prototype.proto = EventEmitter.prototype;
  写成Dog.prototype = Object.create(EventEmitter.prototype)

• 作为getter属性时：Object.getPrototypeOf()代替之。比如：
  Cat.prototype.__proto__ === Object.getPrototypeOf(Cat.prototype)

• prototype对象是实例的原型对象，被实例继承，那__proto__是什么？