过滤器Filter

1. 什么是过滤器？

• 定义：实现了filter接口的Java类，当浏览器发送请求给服务器时，先执行过滤器，然后才访问Servlet，Servlet的响应结果先经过过滤器，再返回给浏览器；
• 作用：当需要限制用户访问某些资源时，在处理请求时，提前处理请求中的内容，在处理响应时，提前处理响应中的内容，就可以使用过滤器来完成；
• 应用场景：全站乱码问题，过滤掉敏感词，对请求和响应进行预处理

2. 过滤器的用法

基本用法如下：创建三个过滤器，一个Servlet处理接口名为/hello的Get请求；

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.servlet.MyServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入MyServlet");
        System.out.println("退出MyServlet");
    }

}

  <filter>
    <filter-name>MyFilter1</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.filter.MyFilter1</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>MyFilter1</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <filter>
    <filter-name>MyFilter2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.filter.MyFilter2</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>MyFilter2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <filter>
    <filter-name>MyFilter3</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.filter.MyFilter3</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>MyFilter3</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

public class MyFilter1 implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("进入MyFilter1");
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
        System.out.println("退出MyFilter1");
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

public class MyFilter2 implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("进入MyFilter2");
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
        System.out.println("退出MyFilter2");
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

public class MyFilter3 implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("进入MyFilter3");
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
        System.out.println("退出MyFilter3");
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

进入MyFilter1
进入MyFilter2
进入MyFilter3
进入MyServlet
退出MyServlet
退出MyFilter3
退出MyFilter2
退出MyFilter1

执行顺序如下：

1. 在web.xml文件中配置三个过滤器的执行顺序，优先级由上至下排列，本示例中排序为：MyFilter1 -> MyFilter2 -> MyFilter3；
2. FilterChain接口代表着所有的过滤器，FilterChain中的doFilter方法决定是否放行至下一个过滤器，当执行到chain.doFilter(request, response)时，表示将当前的request和response送到下一个过滤器，比如：MyFilter1 -> MyFilter2 -> MyFilter3，如果不执行chain.doFilter(request, response)，那么请求也不会发送到下一个过滤器，更不会发送到Servlet；
3. 如果没有过滤器了就执行对应的Servlet，Servlet执行完毕后再依次重新回到过滤器上继续执行过滤器剩下的逻辑，比如：MyFilter3 -> MyFilter2 -> MyFilter1；
4. 最后将response返回给浏览器；