直接使用BeanFactory作为容器对于Spring来说并不多见,至少也得用ApplicationContext,甚至是在官方已经遗弃了XmlBeanFactory的情况下还用其来分析的原因是为了能够更好更快地分析Spring的内部原理
BeanFactory b = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("test.xml"));
User user = (User) ac.getBean("user");
DefaultListableBeanFactory
XmlBeanFactory继承自DefaultListableBeanFactory,而DefaultListableBeanFactory是整个bean加载的核心部分,是Spring的默认实现,下面是该类的结构层次图:
下面进入正题XmlBeanFactory的构造函数
public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource) throws BeansException {
this(resource, null);
}
public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource, BeanFactory parentBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
super(parentBeanFactory);
//资源加载的真正实现
this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
}
通过构造函数,我们可以看到this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(resource)才是资源加载的真正实现,也是我们分析的重点,跟踪到XmlBeanDefinitionReader
public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
//构造成encodedResource对象
return loadBeanDefinitions(new EncodedResource(resource));
}
public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null");
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource.getResource());
}
//通过属性来记录已经加载的资源
Set<EncodedResource> currentResources = this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get();
if (currentResources == null) {
currentResources = new HashSet<EncodedResource>(4);
this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources);
}
if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Detected cyclic loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!");
}
try {
//从encodedResource中获取已经封装的Resource对象并获得inputStream
InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream();
try {
InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream);
if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) {
inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding());
}
//核心逻辑部分
return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource());
}
}
首先对resource参数做封装,目的是考虑到resource可能存在编码要求的情况,最后将准备的数据通过参数传入核心处理部分doLoadBeanDefinitions(intputSource,encoudedResource.getResource())
protected int doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
try {
Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource);
return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
}
}
这个方法做了两个事情,加载XML文件,并得到对应的Document,根据Document注册Bean信息。
public int registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
//DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader
//提取root,便于将root作为参数继续BeanDefinition注册
BeanDefinitionDocumentReader documentReader = createBeanDefinitionDocumentReader();
//在实例化BeanDefinitionReader时候会将BeanDefinitionRegistry传入,默认使用继承自DefaultListableBeanFactory的子类
//记录统计前BeanDefinition的加载个数
int countBefore = getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount();
//加载及注册bean
documentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(doc, createReaderContext(resource));
return getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount() - countBefore;
}
然后进入DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader的registerBeanDefinitions方法
public void registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, XmlReaderContext readerContext) {
this.readerContext = readerContext;
logger.debug("Loading bean definitions");
Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
doRegisterBeanDefinitions(root);
}
经过艰难险阻,终于到了核心逻辑底部doRegisterBeanDefinitions
protected void doRegisterBeanDefinitions(Element root) {
BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate;
this.delegate = createDelegate(getReaderContext(), root, parent);
if (this.delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
//处理profile属性
String profileSpec = root.getAttribute(PROFILE_ATTRIBUTE);
if (StringUtils.hasText(profileSpec)) {
}
}
}
//解析前处理,留给子类实现
preProcessXml(root);
parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate);
//解析后处理,留给子类实现
postProcessXml(root);
this.delegate = parent;
}
如果要在Bean解析前后做一些处理的话,那么就只需要重写这两个方法就可以了,而对于profile属性能让我们在配置文件中配置两套配置,例如dev,production,方便开发和环境部署,最常用的就是链接不同的数据库。
protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
Node node = nl.item(i);
if (node instanceof Element) {
Element ele = (Element) node;
if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
//默认Bean解析
parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
}
else {
//自定义Bean解析
delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
}
}
}
}
else {
delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
}
}
private void parseDefaultElement(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
//对import标签的处理
if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, IMPORT_ELEMENT)) {
importBeanDefinitionResource(ele);
}
//对alias的处理
else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, ALIAS_ELEMENT)) {
processAliasRegistration(ele);
}
//对bean标签的处理
else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, BEAN_ELEMENT)) {
processBeanDefinition(ele, delegate);
}
//对beans标签的处理
else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, NESTED_BEANS_ELEMENT)) {
// recurse
doRegisterBeanDefinitions(ele);
}
}
对4中标签的解析,bean最为复杂也最为重要,所以我们从此标签入手
protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
//委托BeanDefinitionParserDelegate的parseBeanDefinitionElement方法进行元素解析,
bdHolder已经包含我们配置文件中的各种属性,例如class、name、id、alias之类的属性
BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele);
if (bdHolder != null) {
//对默认标签下的自定标签进行解析
bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder);
try {
// Register the final decorated instance.
//注册
BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry());
}
//发出相应事件,通知想关闭的监听器,这个bean加载完了
// Send registration event.
getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder));
}
}
元素解析及信息提取,及BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele);
public BeanDefinitionHolder parseBeanDefinitionElement(Element ele) {
return parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, null);
}
public BeanDefinitionHolder parseBeanDefinitionElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition containingBean) {
//解析id属性
String id = ele.getAttribute(ID_ATTRIBUTE);
//解析name属性
String nameAttr = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);
//分割name属性
List<String> aliases = new ArrayList<String>();
if (StringUtils.hasLength(nameAttr)) {
String[] nameArr = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(nameAttr, MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
aliases.addAll(Arrays.asList(nameArr));
}
String beanName = id;
if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName) && !aliases.isEmpty()) {
beanName = aliases.remove(0);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("No XML 'id' specified - using '" + beanName +
"' as bean name and " + aliases + " as aliases");
}
}
if (containingBean == null) {
checkNameUniqueness(beanName, aliases, ele);
}
AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, beanName, containingBean);
if (beanDefinition != null) {
if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName)) {
try {
//如果不存在根据spring中提供的命名规则为当前bean生成对应的beanName
if (containingBean != null) {
beanName = BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.generateBeanName(
beanDefinition, this.readerContext.getRegistry(), true);
}
else {
beanName = this.readerContext.generateBeanName(beanDefinition);
// Register an alias for the plain bean class name, if still possible,
// if the generator returned the class name plus a suffix.
// This is expected for Spring 1.2/2.0 backwards compatibility.
String beanClassName = beanDefinition.getBeanClassName();
if (beanClassName != null &&
beanName.startsWith(beanClassName) && beanName.length() > beanClassName.length() &&
!this.readerContext.getRegistry().isBeanNameInUse(beanClassName)) {
aliases.add(beanClassName);
}
}
}
String[] aliasesArray = StringUtils.toStringArray(aliases);
return new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, beanName, aliasesArray);
}
return null;
}
- 提取元素中的id和name属性
- 进一步解析其他所有属性并同意封装至GenericBeanDefinition类型的实例中
- 如果检测到bean没有指定beanName,那么使用默认规则为此Bean生成beanName
- 将获取到的型芯封装到BeanDefinitionHolder的实例中
我们进一步地查看步骤2中对标签其他属性的解析过程
public AbstractBeanDefinition parseBeanDefinitionElement(
Element ele, String beanName, BeanDefinition containingBean) {
this.parseState.push(new BeanEntry(beanName));
String className = null;
//解析class属性
if (ele.hasAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE)) {
className = ele.getAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE).trim();
}
try {
String parent = null;
//解析parent属性
if (ele.hasAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE)) {
parent = ele.getAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE);
}
AbstractBeanDefinition bd = createBeanDefinition(className, parent);
//硬编码解析默认bean的各种属性
parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(ele, beanName, containingBean, bd);
bd.setDescription(DomUtils.getChildElementValueByTagName(ele, DESCRIPTION_ELEMENT));
//解析元数据
parseMetaElements(ele, bd);
//解析lookup-method属性
parseLookupOverrideSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());
//解析replace-method属性
parseReplacedMethodSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());
//解析构造函数参数
parseConstructorArgElements(ele, bd);
//解析property子元素
parsePropertyElements(ele, bd);
//解析qualifier子元素
parseQualifierElements(ele, bd);
bd.setResource(this.readerContext.getResource());
bd.setSource(extractSource(ele));
return bd;
}
}
终于,bean标签的所有属性,我们都看到了,接下来我们继续一些复杂标签的解析,首先我们先搞清楚什么是Beandefinition,BeanDefinition是一个接口,有三种实现:Root....,Child....以及Generic.....,三种实现均继承了AbstractBeandefinition,其中BeanDefinition是配置文件bean元素标签在容器内的表示形式,Spring将配置文件中的bean配置信息转换成容器内部表示,并将这些BeanDefinition注册到BeanDefinitionRegistry中,Spring容器的BeanDefinition就像Spring配置信息的数据库,主要是以ConcurrentHashMap的形式保存,后续操作直接从BeanDefinitionRegistry中读取配置信息。接下来看看parseBeanDefinitionAttributes方法
public AbstractBeanDefinition parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(Element ele, String beanName,
BeanDefinition containingBean, AbstractBeanDefinition bd) {
if (ele.hasAttribute(SINGLETON_ATTRIBUTE)) {
error("Old 1.x 'singleton' attribute in use - upgrade to 'scope' declaration", ele);
}
//解析scope
else if (ele.hasAttribute(SCOPE_ATTRIBUTE)) {
bd.setScope(ele.getAttribute(SCOPE_ATTRIBUTE));
}
//使用父类默认属性
else if (containingBean != null) {
// Take default from containing bean in case of an inner bean definition.
bd.setScope(containingBean.getScope());
}
//解析abstract属性
if (ele.hasAttribute(ABSTRACT_ATTRIBUTE)) {
bd.setAbstract(TRUE_VALUE.equals(ele.getAttribute(ABSTRACT_ATTRIBUTE)));
}
//解析lazyInit 属性
String lazyInit = ele.getAttribute(LAZY_INIT_ATTRIBUTE);
if (DEFAULT_VALUE.equals(lazyInit)) {
lazyInit = this.defaults.getLazyInit();
}
bd.setLazyInit(TRUE_VALUE.equals(lazyInit));
//解析autowire 属性
String autowire = ele.getAttribute(AUTOWIRE_ATTRIBUTE);
bd.setAutowireMode(getAutowireMode(autowire));
//解析dependency-check属性
String dependencyCheck = ele.getAttribute(DEPENDENCY_CHECK_ATTRIBUTE);
bd.setDependencyCheck(getDependencyCheck(dependencyCheck));
//解析depends-on属性
if (ele.hasAttribute(DEPENDS_ON_ATTRIBUTE)) {
String dependsOn = ele.getAttribute(DEPENDS_ON_ATTRIBUTE);
bd.setDependsOn(StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(dependsOn, MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS));
}
//解析autowire-candidate
String autowireCandidate = ele.getAttribute(AUTOWIRE_CANDIDATE_ATTRIBUTE);
if ("".equals(autowireCandidate) || DEFAULT_VALUE.equals(autowireCandidate)) {
String candidatePattern = this.defaults.getAutowireCandidates();
if (candidatePattern != null) {
String[] patterns = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(candidatePattern);
bd.setAutowireCandidate(PatternMatchUtils.simpleMatch(patterns, beanName));
}
}
else {
bd.setAutowireCandidate(TRUE_VALUE.equals(autowireCandidate));
}
if (ele.hasAttribute(PRIMARY_ATTRIBUTE)) {
bd.setPrimary(TRUE_VALUE.equals(ele.getAttribute(PRIMARY_ATTRIBUTE)));
}
if (ele.hasAttribute(INIT_METHOD_ATTRIBUTE)) {
String initMethodName = ele.getAttribute(INIT_METHOD_ATTRIBUTE);
if (!"".equals(initMethodName)) {
bd.setInitMethodName(initMethodName);
}
}
else {
if (this.defaults.getInitMethod() != null) {
bd.setInitMethodName(this.defaults.getInitMethod());
bd.setEnforceInitMethod(false);
}
}
if (ele.hasAttribute(DESTROY_METHOD_ATTRIBUTE)) {
String destroyMethodName = ele.getAttribute(DESTROY_METHOD_ATTRIBUTE);
bd.setDestroyMethodName(destroyMethodName);
}
else {
if (this.defaults.getDestroyMethod() != null) {
bd.setDestroyMethodName(this.defaults.getDestroyMethod());
bd.setEnforceDestroyMethod(false);
}
}
if (ele.hasAttribute(FACTORY_METHOD_ATTRIBUTE)) {
bd.setFactoryMethodName(ele.getAttribute(FACTORY_METHOD_ATTRIBUTE));
}
if (ele.hasAttribute(FACTORY_BEAN_ATTRIBUTE)) {
bd.setFactoryBeanName(ele.getAttribute(FACTORY_BEAN_ATTRIBUTE));
}
return bd;
}
我们可以清楚地看到Spring完成了对所有Bean属性的解析!至此我们完成了对XML文档到GenericBeanDefinition的转换,及Xml中所有的配置都可以在GenericBeanDefinition的实例中找到对应的配置。
回到DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader中的processBeanDefinition方法中对于得到的beanDefinition就行注册
protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele);
if (bdHolder != null) {
bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder);
try {
// Register the final decorated instance.
BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry());
}
}
}
public static void registerBeanDefinition(
BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
// 使用beanName做唯一标识注册
String beanName = definitionHolder.getBeanName();
registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, definitionHolder.getBeanDefinition());
// 注册别名.
String[] aliases = definitionHolder.getAliases();
if (aliases != null) {
for (String alias : aliases) {
registry.registerAlias(beanName, alias);
}
}
}
DefaultBeanRegistry中的registerBeanDefinition方法
public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
if (beanDefinition instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
try {
//减压methodOverrides是否与工厂方法并存或者对应的方法不存在
((AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDefinition).validate();
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Validation of bean definition failed", ex);
}
}
BeanDefinition oldBeanDefinition;
//处理已经注册bean的情况
oldBeanDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);
if (oldBeanDefinition != null) {
//如果配置了不能覆盖将抛出异常
if (!isAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding()) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Cannot register bean definition [" + beanDefinition + "] for bean '" + beanName +
"': There is already [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] bound.");
}
else if (oldBeanDefinition.getRole() < beanDefinition.getRole()) {
if (this.logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
this.logger.warn("Overriding user-defined bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
"' with a framework-generated bean definition: replacing [" +
oldBeanDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
}
}
else if (!beanDefinition.equals(oldBeanDefinition)) {
if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
this.logger.info("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
"' with a different definition: replacing [" + oldBeanDefinition +
"] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
}
}
//注册beanDefinition
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
}
else {
if (hasBeanCreationStarted()) {
synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
List<String> updatedDefinitions = new ArrayList<String>(this.beanDefinitionNames.size() + 1);
//记录beanDefinition
updatedDefinitions.addAll(this.beanDefinitionNames);
updatedDefinitions.add(beanName);
this.beanDefinitionNames = updatedDefinitions;
//如果存在则删除
if (this.manualSingletonNames.contains(beanName)) {
Set<String> updatedSingletons = new LinkedHashSet<String>(this.manualSingletonNames);
updatedSingletons.remove(beanName);
this.manualSingletonNames = updatedSingletons;
}
}
}
else {
// Still in startup registration phase
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName);
this.manualSingletonNames.remove(beanName);
}
this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null;
}
if (oldBeanDefinition != null || containsSingleton(beanName)) {
//充值所有beanName对应的缓存
resetBeanDefinition(beanName);
}
}
- 对AbstarcatBeanDefinition的检验,针对methodOverrides属性
- 处理beanName已经注册的情况,如果设置了不允许覆盖,则抛异常
- 加入map缓存
- 清楚解析之前留下的对应beanName的缓存
注册别名类似
通过上面较长的篇幅我们终于分析完了默认标签中对bean标签的处理,对import、alias、beans的处理基于对bean处理的了解将变得简单易理解。
Alias标签
protected void processAliasRegistration(Element ele) {
String name = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);
String alias = ele.getAttribute(ALIAS_ATTRIBUTE);
boolean valid = true;
if (!StringUtils.hasText(name)) {
getReaderContext().error("Name must not be empty", ele);
valid = false;
}
if (!StringUtils.hasText(alias)) {
getReaderContext().error("Alias must not be empty", ele);
valid = false;
}
if (valid) {
try {
getReaderContext().getRegistry().registerAlias(name, alias);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
getReaderContext().error("Failed to register alias '" + alias +
"' for bean with name '" + name + "'", ele, ex);
}
getReaderContext().fireAliasRegistered(name, alias, extractSource(ele));
}
}
将别名与beanName组成一堆注册至registry中
import标签
protected void importBeanDefinitionResource(Element ele) {
//获取resource属性
String location = ele.getAttribute(RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTE);
//不存在则不做任何处理
if (!StringUtils.hasText(location)) {
getReaderContext().error("Resource location must not be empty", ele);
return;
}
// 解析系统属性
location = getReaderContext().getEnvironment().resolveRequiredPlaceholders(location);
Set<Resource> actualResources = new LinkedHashSet<Resource>(4);
//判断是绝对URI还是相对URI
boolean absoluteLocation = false;
try {
absoluteLocation = ResourcePatternUtils.isUrl(location) || ResourceUtils.toURI(location).isAbsolute();
}
catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
// cannot convert to an URI, considering the location relative
// unless it is the well-known Spring prefix "classpath*:"
}
// 如果是绝对URI则直接根据地址加载对应的配置文件
if (absoluteLocation) {
try {
int importCount = getReaderContext().getReader().loadBeanDefinitions(location, actualResources);
}
}
else {
// 如果是相对地址则根据相对地址计算出绝对地址
try {
int importCount;
Resource relativeResource = getReaderContext().getResource().createRelative(location);
if (relativeResource.exists()) {
importCount = getReaderContext().getReader().loadBeanDefinitions(relativeResource);
actualResources.add(relativeResource);
}
else {
String baseLocation = getReaderContext().getResource().getURL().toString();
importCount = getReaderContext().getReader().loadBeanDefinitions(
StringUtils.applyRelativePath(baseLocation, location), actualResources);
}
}
Resource[] actResArray = actualResources.toArray(new Resource[actualResources.size()]);
getReaderContext().fireImportProcessed(location, actResArray, extractSource(ele));
}
- 获取resource属性所表示的路径
- 解析路径中的系统属性,格式如“${user.dir}”
- 判定location是绝对路径还是相对路径
- 如果是绝对路径则递归调用bean的解析过程,进行另一次的解析
- 如果是相对路径则计算出绝对路径并进行解析
- 通知监听器,解析完成
到此为止我们已经完成了spring中全部的解析工作,已经理解了spring将bean从配置文件加载到内存中的全过程