Retrofit 是 Android 中的一个网络请求的框架，通常需要搭配 OkHttpClient 一起来使用， 在其中充当请求的参数（包含地址，请求头，请求参数等）的定义，解析，拼接等工作， 能让请求的定义更简单， 阅读更容易。
简单的使用
// 创建 Retrofit 对象
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder().addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.client(OkhttpClientFactory.getInstance(context.getApplicationContext()).getHttpClient())
.baseUrl("baseUrl")
.build();
// 通过动态代理生成请求的定义类的实例
HttpDefineApi api = retrofit.create(HttpDefaultApi.class);
public interface BanmaAccountApi {
@POST("/login")
@Headers({
"Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8"
})
Call<BaseResponse<LoginBean>> login(@Body LoginRequestBean param);
}Retrofit 的使用比较的简单， 其原理主要就是通过动态代理创建请求定义类的实例， 然后在 invoke 方法中，对请求的参数进行解析和使用。
Retrofit 的创建
Retrofit 的创建采用的是建造者模式， 通过 Builder 来创建。
Builder(Platform platform) {
this.platform = platform;
}
public Builder() {
// Platform 看源码是区分为 Android 和 Java8
this(Platform.get());
}
public Builder addConverterFactory(Converter.Factory factory) {
converterFactories.add(checkNotNull(factory, "factory == null"));
return this;
}
// 保存 OkHttpClient 在 callFactory 中
public Builder client(OkHttpClient client) {
return callFactory(checkNotNull(client, "client == null"));
}
public Builder callFactory(okhttp3.Call.Factory factory) {
this.callFactory = checkNotNull(factory, "factory == null");
return this;
}
// 保存 baseUrl
public Builder baseUrl(String baseUrl) {
checkNotNull(baseUrl, "baseUrl == null");
return baseUrl(HttpUrl.get(baseUrl));
}
public Builder baseUrl(HttpUrl baseUrl) {
checkNotNull(baseUrl, "baseUrl == null");
List<String> pathSegments = baseUrl.pathSegments();
if (!"".equals(pathSegments.get(pathSegments.size() - 1))) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("baseUrl must end in /: " + baseUrl);
}
this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
return this;
}
public Retrofit build() {
if (baseUrl == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
}
okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
if (callFactory == null) {
callFactory = new OkHttpClient();
}
// 回调的 Executor 这里默认为 MainThreadExecutor
Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;
if (callbackExecutor == null) {
callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
}
// Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
// 设置 CallAdapter , 默认添加了一个 DefaultAdapter 其作用是让返回结果通过 callbackExecutor 执行
List<CallAdapter.Factory> callAdapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.callAdapterFactories);
callAdapterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactories(callbackExecutor));
// Make a defensive copy of the converters.
// Converter 是对返回的请求参数进行处理的转换器
List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(
1 + this.converterFactories.size() + platform.defaultConverterFactoriesSize());
// Add the built-in converter factory first. This prevents overriding its behavior but also
// ensures correct behavior when using converters that consume all types.
converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
converterFactories.addAll(this.converterFactories);
converterFactories.addAll(platform.defaultConverterFactories());
return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, unmodifiableList(converterFactories),
unmodifiableList(callAdapterFactories), callbackExecutor, validateEagerly);
}请求定义类实例的创建
public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
if (validateEagerly) {
eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
}
// 通过动态代理的方式创建实例
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service },
new InvocationHandler() {
private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
private final Object[] emptyArgs = new Object[0];
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
// If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
// 如果是 Object 方法直接执行
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
return method.invoke(this, args);
}
if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
}
// 获取 ServiceMethod 对象，然后通过 invoke 方法执行
return loadServiceMethod(method).invoke(args != null ? args : emptyArgs);
}
});
}
实例的创建主要就是动态代理， 动态代理的原理在以后的博文里进行解释。
执行网络请求
通过请求定义的类调用请求方法， 其最终都是通过动态代理的 invoke 方法进行执行。 其主要是
loadServiceMethod(method).invoke(args != null ? args : emptyArgs);这一句话。
loadServiceMethod(method)
ServiceMethod<?> loadServiceMethod(Method method) {
// 首先是尝试从缓存中获取 ServiceMethod 有就直接返回
ServiceMethod<?> result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
if (result != null) return result;
synchronized (serviceMethodCache) {
result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
if (result == null) {
// 没有则开始 ServiceMethod 的解析封装
result = ServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(this, method);
// 解析完成后放入到 serviceMethodCahce 中
serviceMethodCache.put(method, result);
}
}
return result;
}
static <T> ServiceMethod<T> parseAnnotations(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
// 通过 RequestFactory 对 Method 进行解析
RequestFactory requestFactory = RequestFactory.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method);
Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) {
throw methodError(method,
"Method return type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", returnType);
}
if (returnType == void.class) {
throw methodError(method, "Service methods cannot return void.");
}
// 封装成 HttpServiceMethod 对象
return HttpServiceMethod.parseAnnotations(retrofit, method, requestFactory);
}
final class RequestFactory {
static RequestFactory parseAnnotations(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
return new Builder(retrofit, method).build();
}
static final class Builder {
Builder(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) {
this.retrofit = retrofit;
this.method = method;
this.methodAnnotations = method.getAnnotations();
this.parameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
this.parameterAnnotationsArray = method.getParameterAnnotations();
}
RequestFactory build() {
// 解析 @GET @POST 等方法上的注解
for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) {
parseMethodAnnotation(annotation);
}
if (httpMethod == null) {
throw methodError(method, "HTTP method annotation is required (e.g., @GET, @POST, etc.).");
}
if (!hasBody) {
if (isMultipart) {
throw methodError(method,
"Multipart can only be specified on HTTP methods with request body (e.g., @POST).");
}
if (isFormEncoded) {
throw methodError(method, "FormUrlEncoded can only be specified on HTTP methods with "
+ "request body (e.g., @POST).");
}
}
// 解析参数的注解
int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length;
parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler<?>[parameterCount];
for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p++) {
parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterTypes[p], parameterAnnotationsArray[p]);
}
if (relativeUrl == null && !gotUrl) {
throw methodError(method, "Missing either @%s URL or @Url parameter.", httpMethod);
}
if (!isFormEncoded && !isMultipart && !hasBody && gotBody) {
throw methodError(method, "Non-body HTTP method cannot contain @Body.");
}
if (isFormEncoded && !gotField) {
throw methodError(method, "Form-encoded method must contain at least one @Field.");
}
if (isMultipart && !gotPart) {
throw methodError(method, "Multipart method must contain at least one @Part.");
}
return new RequestFactory(this);
}
}
方法注解的解析
private void parseMethodAnnotation(Annotation annotation) {
if (annotation instanceof DELETE) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("DELETE", ((DELETE) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof GET) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("GET", ((GET) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof HEAD) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("HEAD", ((HEAD) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof PATCH) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("PATCH", ((PATCH) annotation).value(), true);
} else if (annotation instanceof POST) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("POST", ((POST) annotation).value(), true);
} else if (annotation instanceof PUT) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("PUT", ((PUT) annotation).value(), true);
} else if (annotation instanceof OPTIONS) {
parseHttpMethodAndPath("OPTIONS", ((OPTIONS) annotation).value(), false);
} else if (annotation instanceof HTTP) {
HTTP http = (HTTP) annotation;
parseHttpMethodAndPath(http.method(), http.path(), http.hasBody());
} else if (annotation instanceof retrofit2.http.Headers) {
String[] headersToParse = ((retrofit2.http.Headers) annotation).value();
if (headersToParse.length == 0) {
throw methodError(method, "@Headers annotation is empty.");
}
headers = parseHeaders(headersToParse);
} else if (annotation instanceof Multipart) {
if (isFormEncoded) {
throw methodError(method, "Only one encoding annotation is allowed.");
}
isMultipart = true;
} else if (annotation instanceof FormUrlEncoded) {
if (isMultipart) {
throw methodError(method, "Only one encoding annotation is allowed.");
}
isFormEncoded = true;
}
}这里就不一一分析了，以 POST 为例进行说明。
// post 中 hasBody 为 true httpMethod 为 post value 为除 baseUrl 外的请求地址
private void parseHttpMethodAndPath(String httpMethod, String value, boolean hasBody) {
if (this.httpMethod != null) {
throw methodError(method, "Only one HTTP method is allowed. Found: %s and %s.",
this.httpMethod, httpMethod);
}
this.httpMethod = httpMethod;
this.hasBody = hasBody;
if (value.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
// Get the relative URL path and existing query string, if present.
// 处理请求地址中的 query 参数， 这里不允许地址中存在占位的 query 字符串
int question = value.indexOf('?');
if (question != -1 && question < value.length() - 1) {
// Ensure the query string does not have any named parameters.
String queryParams = value.substring(question + 1);
Matcher queryParamMatcher = PARAM_URL_REGEX.matcher(queryParams);
if (queryParamMatcher.find()) {
throw methodError(method, "URL query string \"%s\" must not have replace block. "
+ "For dynamic query parameters use @Query.", queryParams);
}
}
this.relativeUrl = value;
// 将 query 字符串进行解析后保存起来
this.relativeUrlParamNames = parsePathParameters(value);
}参数注解的解析
private ParameterHandler<?> parseParameter(
int p, Type parameterType, @Nullable Annotation[] annotations) {
ParameterHandler<?> result = null;
if (annotations != null) {
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
// 遍历后一个一个的进行解析
ParameterHandler<?> annotationAction =
parseParameterAnnotation(p, parameterType, annotations, annotation);
if (annotationAction == null) {
continue;
}
if (result != null) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"Multiple Retrofit annotations found, only one allowed.");
}
result = annotationAction;
}
}
if (result == null) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "No Retrofit annotation found.");
}
return result;
}
private ParameterHandler<?> parseParameterAnnotation(
int p, Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Annotation annotation) {
// 处理 Url 注解 指定 prefixUrl
if (annotation instanceof Url) {
validateResolvableType(p, type);
if (gotUrl) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "Multiple @Url method annotations found.");
}
if (gotPath) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@Path parameters may not be used with @Url.");
}
if (gotQuery) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "A @Url parameter must not come after a @Query.");
}
if (gotQueryName) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "A @Url parameter must not come after a @QueryName.");
}
if (gotQueryMap) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "A @Url parameter must not come after a @QueryMap.");
}
if (relativeUrl != null) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@Url cannot be used with @%s URL", httpMethod);
}
gotUrl = true;
if (type == HttpUrl.class
|| type == String.class
|| type == URI.class
|| (type instanceof Class && "android.net.Uri".equals(((Class<?>) type).getName()))) {
return new ParameterHandler.RelativeUrl();
} else {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"@Url must be okhttp3.HttpUrl, String, java.net.URI, or android.net.Uri type.");
}
} else if (annotation instanceof Path) {
// 处理 @Path 注解 就是地址中如 xxx/{key1}/{key2} 这就通过 Path 处理
validateResolvableType(p, type);
if (gotQuery) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "A @Path parameter must not come after a @Query.");
}
if (gotQueryName) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "A @Path parameter must not come after a @QueryName.");
}
if (gotQueryMap) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "A @Path parameter must not come after a @QueryMap.");
}
if (gotUrl) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@Path parameters may not be used with @Url.");
}
if (relativeUrl == null) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@Path can only be used with relative url on @%s",
httpMethod);
}
gotPath = true;
Path path = (Path) annotation;
String name = path.value();
validatePathName(p, name);
Converter<?, String> converter = retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
// 最后返回的是 ParameterHandler.Path 对象
return new ParameterHandler.Path<>(name, converter, path.encoded());
} else if (annotation instanceof Query) {
// 处理 @Query 注解
validateResolvableType(p, type);
Query query = (Query) annotation;
String name = query.value();
boolean encoded = query.encoded();
Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
gotQuery = true;
if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
+ " must include generic type (e.g., "
+ rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
+ "<String>)");
}
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
Converter<?, String> converter =
retrofit.stringConverter(iterableType, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Query<>(name, converter, encoded).iterable();
} else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {
Class<?> arrayComponentType = boxIfPrimitive(rawParameterType.getComponentType());
Converter<?, String> converter =
retrofit.stringConverter(arrayComponentType, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Query<>(name, converter, encoded).array();
} else {
Converter<?, String> converter =
retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Query<>(name, converter, encoded);
}
} else if (annotation instanceof QueryName) {
// 处理 @QueryName 功能和 @Query 类似， 直接以参数名作为 key
validateResolvableType(p, type);
QueryName query = (QueryName) annotation;
boolean encoded = query.encoded();
Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
gotQueryName = true;
if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
+ " must include generic type (e.g., "
+ rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
+ "<String>)");
}
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
Converter<?, String> converter =
retrofit.stringConverter(iterableType, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.QueryName<>(converter, encoded).iterable();
} else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {
Class<?> arrayComponentType = boxIfPrimitive(rawParameterType.getComponentType());
Converter<?, String> converter =
retrofit.stringConverter(arrayComponentType, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.QueryName<>(converter, encoded).array();
} else {
Converter<?, String> converter =
retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.QueryName<>(converter, encoded);
}
} else if (annotation instanceof QueryMap) {
validateResolvableType(p, type);
Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
gotQueryMap = true;
if (!Map.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@QueryMap parameter type must be Map.");
}
Type mapType = Utils.getSupertype(type, rawParameterType, Map.class);
if (!(mapType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"Map must include generic types (e.g., Map<String, String>)");
}
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) mapType;
Type keyType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
if (String.class != keyType) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@QueryMap keys must be of type String: " + keyType);
}
Type valueType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(1, parameterizedType);
Converter<?, String> valueConverter =
retrofit.stringConverter(valueType, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.QueryMap<>(valueConverter, ((QueryMap) annotation).encoded());
} else if (annotation instanceof Header) {
// 处理 @Header 参数
validateResolvableType(p, type);
Header header = (Header) annotation;
String name = header.value();
Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
+ " must include generic type (e.g., "
+ rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
+ "<String>)");
}
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
Converter<?, String> converter =
retrofit.stringConverter(iterableType, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Header<>(name, converter).iterable();
} else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {
Class<?> arrayComponentType = boxIfPrimitive(rawParameterType.getComponentType());
Converter<?, String> converter =
retrofit.stringConverter(arrayComponentType, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Header<>(name, converter).array();
} else {
Converter<?, String> converter =
retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Header<>(name, converter);
}
} else if (annotation instanceof HeaderMap) {
// 和 @Header 功能一致
validateResolvableType(p, type);
Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
if (!Map.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@HeaderMap parameter type must be Map.");
}
Type mapType = Utils.getSupertype(type, rawParameterType, Map.class);
if (!(mapType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"Map must include generic types (e.g., Map<String, String>)");
}
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) mapType;
Type keyType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
if (String.class != keyType) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@HeaderMap keys must be of type String: " + keyType);
}
Type valueType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(1, parameterizedType);
Converter<?, String> valueConverter =
retrofit.stringConverter(valueType, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.HeaderMap<>(valueConverter);
} else if (annotation instanceof Field) {
// 处理 Field
validateResolvableType(p, type);
if (!isFormEncoded) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@Field parameters can only be used with form encoding.");
}
Field field = (Field) annotation;
String name = field.value();
boolean encoded = field.encoded();
gotField = true;
Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
+ " must include generic type (e.g., "
+ rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
+ "<String>)");
}
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
Converter<?, String> converter =
retrofit.stringConverter(iterableType, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Field<>(name, converter, encoded).iterable();
} else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {
Class<?> arrayComponentType = boxIfPrimitive(rawParameterType.getComponentType());
Converter<?, String> converter =
retrofit.stringConverter(arrayComponentType, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Field<>(name, converter, encoded).array();
} else {
Converter<?, String> converter =
retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Field<>(name, converter, encoded);
}
} else if (annotation instanceof FieldMap) {
// 处理 FieldMap
validateResolvableType(p, type);
if (!isFormEncoded) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"@FieldMap parameters can only be used with form encoding.");
}
Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
if (!Map.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@FieldMap parameter type must be Map.");
}
Type mapType = Utils.getSupertype(type, rawParameterType, Map.class);
if (!(mapType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"Map must include generic types (e.g., Map<String, String>)");
}
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) mapType;
Type keyType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
if (String.class != keyType) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@FieldMap keys must be of type String: " + keyType);
}
Type valueType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(1, parameterizedType);
Converter<?, String> valueConverter =
retrofit.stringConverter(valueType, annotations);
gotField = true;
return new ParameterHandler.FieldMap<>(valueConverter, ((FieldMap) annotation).encoded());
} else if (annotation instanceof Part) {
// 处理 Part
validateResolvableType(p, type);
if (!isMultipart) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"@Part parameters can only be used with multipart encoding.");
}
Part part = (Part) annotation;
gotPart = true;
String partName = part.value();
Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
if (partName.isEmpty()) {
if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
+ " must include generic type (e.g., "
+ rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
+ "<String>)");
}
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
if (!MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(Utils.getRawType(iterableType))) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"@Part annotation must supply a name or use MultipartBody.Part parameter type.");
}
return ParameterHandler.RawPart.INSTANCE.iterable();
} else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {
Class<?> arrayComponentType = rawParameterType.getComponentType();
if (!MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(arrayComponentType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"@Part annotation must supply a name or use MultipartBody.Part parameter type.");
}
return ParameterHandler.RawPart.INSTANCE.array();
} else if (MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
return ParameterHandler.RawPart.INSTANCE;
} else {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"@Part annotation must supply a name or use MultipartBody.Part parameter type.");
}
} else {
Headers headers =
Headers.of("Content-Disposition", "form-data; name=\"" + partName + "\"",
"Content-Transfer-Encoding", part.encoding());
if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
+ " must include generic type (e.g., "
+ rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
+ "<String>)");
}
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
if (MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(Utils.getRawType(iterableType))) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"@Part parameters using the MultipartBody.Part must not "
+ "include a part name in the annotation.");
}
Converter<?, RequestBody> converter =
retrofit.requestBodyConverter(iterableType, annotations, methodAnnotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Part<>(headers, converter).iterable();
} else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {
Class<?> arrayComponentType = boxIfPrimitive(rawParameterType.getComponentType());
if (MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(arrayComponentType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"@Part parameters using the MultipartBody.Part must not "
+ "include a part name in the annotation.");
}
Converter<?, RequestBody> converter =
retrofit.requestBodyConverter(arrayComponentType, annotations, methodAnnotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Part<>(headers, converter).array();
} else if (MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"@Part parameters using the MultipartBody.Part must not "
+ "include a part name in the annotation.");
} else {
Converter<?, RequestBody> converter =
retrofit.requestBodyConverter(type, annotations, methodAnnotations);
return new ParameterHandler.Part<>(headers, converter);
}
}
} else if (annotation instanceof PartMap) {
// 处理 @PartMap
validateResolvableType(p, type);
if (!isMultipart) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"@PartMap parameters can only be used with multipart encoding.");
}
gotPart = true;
Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);
if (!Map.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@PartMap parameter type must be Map.");
}
Type mapType = Utils.getSupertype(type, rawParameterType, Map.class);
if (!(mapType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"Map must include generic types (e.g., Map<String, String>)");
}
ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) mapType;
Type keyType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);
if (String.class != keyType) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@PartMap keys must be of type String: " + keyType);
}
Type valueType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(1, parameterizedType);
if (MultipartBody.Part.class.isAssignableFrom(Utils.getRawType(valueType))) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "@PartMap values cannot be MultipartBody.Part. "
+ "Use @Part List<Part> or a different value type instead.");
}
Converter<?, RequestBody> valueConverter =
retrofit.requestBodyConverter(valueType, annotations, methodAnnotations);
PartMap partMap = (PartMap) annotation;
return new ParameterHandler.PartMap<>(valueConverter, partMap.encoding());
} else if (annotation instanceof Body) {
// 处理 @Body
validateResolvableType(p, type);
if (isFormEncoded || isMultipart) {
throw parameterError(method, p,
"@Body parameters cannot be used with form or multi-part encoding.");
}
if (gotBody) {
throw parameterError(method, p, "Multiple @Body method annotations found.");
}
Converter<?, RequestBody> converter;
try {
converter = retrofit.requestBodyConverter(type, annotations, methodAnnotations);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
// Wide exception range because factories are user code.
throw parameterError(method, e, p, "Unable to create @Body converter for %s", type);
}
gotBody = true;
return new ParameterHandler.Body<>(converter);
}
return null; // Not a Retrofit annotation.
}HttpServiceMethod.invoke()
@Override ReturnT invoke(Object[] args) {
// callAdapter 不说了， 默认的情况下是将返回结果在主线程中回调
return callAdapter.adapt(
new OkHttpCall<>(requestFactory, args, callFactory, responseConverter));
}
// 以同步为例， 执行到 OkHttpCall 中的 execute 方法
final class OkHttpCall<T> implements Call<T> {
@Override
public Response<T> execute() throws IOException {
okhttp3.Call call;
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
executed = true;
if (creationFailure != null) {
if (creationFailure instanceof IOException) {
throw (IOException) creationFailure;
} else if (creationFailure instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) creationFailure;
} else {
throw (Error) creationFailure;
}
}
call = rawCall;
// 初始时 rawCall 为 null
if (call == null) {
try {
call = rawCall = createRawCall();
} catch (IOException | RuntimeException | Error e) {
throwIfFatal(e); // Do not assign a fatal error to creationFailure.
creationFailure = e;
throw e;
}
}
}
if (canceled) {
call.cancel();
}
return parseResponse(call.execute());
}
private okhttp3.Call createRawCall() throws IOException {
// 通过 RequestFactory 创建 OkHttp.Request 对象， 通过 CallFactory 创建成 Call 对象
okhttp3.Call call = callFactory.newCall(requestFactory.create(args));
if (call == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("Call.Factory returned null.");
}
return call;
}
}通过 RequestFactory 创建 Request 对象
okhttp3.Request create(Object[] args) throws IOException {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // It is an error to invoke a method with the wrong arg types.
ParameterHandler<Object>[] handlers = (ParameterHandler<Object>[]) parameterHandlers;
int argumentCount = args.length;
if (argumentCount != handlers.length) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Argument count (" + argumentCount
+ ") doesn't match expected count (" + handlers.length + ")");
}
RequestBuilder requestBuilder = new RequestBuilder(httpMethod, baseUrl, relativeUrl,
headers, contentType, hasBody, isFormEncoded, isMultipart);
List<Object> argumentList = new ArrayList<>(argumentCount);
for (int p = 0; p < argumentCount; p++) {
argumentList.add(args[p]);
// 通过参数注解中生成的 ParameterHandler 将参数设置到 RequestBuilder 中
handlers[p].apply(requestBuilder, args[p]);
}
// 通过 get 方法将所有的参数规范化， 通过 build 返回 Request 实例
return requestBuilder.get()
.tag(Invocation.class, new Invocation(method, argumentList))
.build();
}最后通过 Request 对象创建一个 Call 对象，执行其 execute 方法， 后续的步骤就是 OkHttpClient 的请求流程了。
总结一下， Retrofit 源码中运用的知识点其实就是动态代理， 理解了这一块，对 Retrofit 源码的理解就是水到渠成的事情了。
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