在这里遇到了两个坑，
第一个坑是Could not determine type for: java.util.List, at table 项目启动报这种错误的解决方案（JPA），这样报错是因为我的注解配置一部分写在bean的属性上，一部分写在了bean的方法上。
第二个坑是配置的坑
在配置一对多的时候，
(维护端，无外键方，一方) 设置懒加载,设置mappedBy=”“,后面的值是多的一方的主键。，当然也可以不设置，这样没有设置外键，表的自由度就高很多了。同时也可以设置懒加载。
(被维护端,有外键方，多方) 指定外键列 @JoinColumn(name = “order_id”) ，可设置级联刷新(@ManyToOne(optional=参数))
实例一：两个一对多的关系
关系图如下：
不多逼逼，直接上代码：
课程类 Class
package model;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.ir.annotations.Ignore;
@Entity
@Table(name="class")
public class Class {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator="native")
@GenericGenerator(name="native",strategy="native")
private long id;
@OneToMany //(mappedBy="id") **//一门课对应多名学生,了mappedBy参数，相当于建立外键，class里面存在这个值时，才能对Student操作成功，当先保存一个不存在的class的值时会报错org.hibernate.AssertionFailure: null id in model.Student entry (don't flush the Session after an exception occurs)，即模型输入中的空ID（在异常发生后不刷新会话）**
private Set<Student> s;
@OneToMany//(mappedBy="id") //一门课对应多名老师
private Set<Teacher> t;
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Set<Student> getS() {
return s;
}
public void setS(Set<Student> s) {
this.s = s;
}
public Set<Teacher> getT() {
return t;
}
public void setT(Set<Teacher> t) {
this.t = t;
}
}学生类 Student
package model;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="student")
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private long id;
private String name;
private Date birthDay;
@ManyToOne //多名学生对应一门课
@JoinColumn(name="classid") //这里的@JoinColumn也可以不要，自动默认值为 被控方实例名_主控方主键 例如这里注释掉以后就是c_id,c是Class的实例名，id是Class表的主键
private Class c;
public Class getC() {
return c;
}
public void setC(Class c) {
this.c = c;
}
public Date getBirthDay() {
return birthDay;
}
public void setBirthDay(Date birthDay) {
this.birthDay = birthDay;
}
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birthDay=" + birthDay + "]";
}
}老师类 Teacher
package model;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name = "teacher")
public class Teacher {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
private Integer id;
private String name;
@ManyToOne //多名老师对应一门课
@JoinColumn(name="classid")
private Class c;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Class getC() {
return c;
}
public void setC(Class c) {
this.c = c;
}
}
HibernateUtil类的源码附上
package util;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
public class HibernateUtil {
private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory=buildSessionFactory();
private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {
Configuration configuration=new Configuration().configure(); // 实例化配置文件
ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry=new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).build(); // 实例化服务登记
return configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry); // 获取Session工厂
}
public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory(){
return sessionFactory;
}
}
配置文件hibernater.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!--数据库连接设置 -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myhibernate</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
<!-- 方言 -->
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
<!-- 在控制台中输出 sql -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- 格式化控制台中的 sql -->
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 自动更新表结构 -->
<!--
hbm2ddl.auto的作用为：自动创建/更新/验证数据库表结构
有以下值：
create: 表示启动的时候先drop，再create
create-drop: 也表示创建，只不过再系统关闭前执行一下drop
update: 这个操作启动的时候会去检查schema是否一致，如果不一致会做scheme更新
validate: 启动时验证现有schema与你配置的hibernate是否一致，如果不一致就抛出异常，并不做更新
-->
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<!-- 映射 -->
<mapping class="model.Class"/>
<mapping class="model.Student"/>
<mapping class="model.Teacher"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>测试类 TestMapping.java
package service;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import model.Class;
import model.Student;
import model.Teacher;
import util.HibernateUtil;
public class TestMapping {
@Test
public void test1(){
SessionFactory sessionFactory= HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();//开启事物
session.getTransaction().commit(); // 提交事务
session.close(); // 关闭session
sessionFactory.close(); // 关闭session工厂
}
@Test
public void test() {
SessionFactory sessionFactory= HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();//开启事物
Class c = new Class();
Student s = new Student();
Teacher t = new Teacher();
t.setName("王老师");
s.setName("张三");
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date;
try {
date = sdf.parse("1996-3-2");
s.setBirthDay(date);
c.setName("计算机基础");
Set<Student> set = new HashSet<Student>();
Set<Teacher> set2 = new HashSet<Teacher>();
set.add(s);
t.setC(c);
c.setS(set);
c.setT(set2);
s.setC(c);
session.save(s);
session.save(c);
session.save(t);
} catch (ParseException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
session.getTransaction().commit(); // 提交事务
session.close(); // 关闭session
sessionFactory.close(); // 关闭session工厂
}
}
}
使用Junit执行成功够就可以生成3张表的表信息。并且可以分别插入一条信息，因为这里没有使用级联插入，所以我们保存的时候都需要手动去调用Save；
一对多映射配置总结：
1.先写实体类
2.设置好单表的映射
3.按照逻辑约建立联系，建立联系的时候只需在多的一段增加@ManyToOne即可
4.编写hibernate.cfg.xml，引入实体类
实例二：多对多
看了上面的架构设计图很明显我的设计结构是不对的，教师和课程之间的关系不会是多对一的。而应该是多对多的关系。
一门课程有多个教师教授，一名教师也可以教授多门课程。（教师 n : m 课程）
一门课程有多名童鞋学习，一名童鞋也可以学习多门课程。（学生 n : m 课程）
坑：Illegal attempt to map a non collection as a @OneToMany, @ManyToMany or @CollectionOfElements: model
这个报错多半是你的多对多中的多端还是一个非集合属性。
注意的是：
在配置多对多映射的时候，我们需要指定生成的表的名字，因为在
配置多对多的时候，存在一个manyToMany，就会建一张表。但是为了不重复生成表，我们让我们的表的名字相同，这时候hibernate会报一个error，但是不至于是异常。发现的原因是每次都重新生成表，然后看我们的sql语句，会发现这一点。
然后我们开始看我们新设计的表关系：
实体类代码：
课程类Class
package model;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
@Entity
@Table(name="class")
public class Class {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator="native")
@GenericGenerator(name="native",strategy="native")
private long id;
private String name;
@ManyToMany(mappedBy="c")//这里的c是指Student里面的set<Class> c,设置了Student与Class的维护方
private Set<Student> s;
@ManyToMany(mappedBy="c")//这里的c是指teacher里面的Set<Class> c，设置了teacher与 class的维护方
private Set<Teacher> t;
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Set<Student> getS() {
return s;
}
public void setS(Set<Student> s) {
this.s = s;
}
public Set<Teacher> getT() {
return t;
}
public void setT(Set<Teacher> t) {
this.t = t;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
学生类Student
package model;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="student")
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private long id;
private String name;
private Date birthDay;
@ManyToMany//多名学生对应多门课
@JoinTable(
name="sc",
joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "sid"),
inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "cid")
)
private Set<Class> c;
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Date getBirthDay() {
return birthDay;
}
public void setBirthDay(Date birthDay) {
this.birthDay = birthDay;
}
public Set<Class> getC() {
return c;
}
public void setC(Set<Class> c) {
this.c = c;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birthDay=" + birthDay + "]";
}
}教师类Teacher
package model;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name = "teacher")
public class Teacher {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
private Integer id;
private String name;
@ManyToMany //多名老师对应多门课
@JoinTable(
name="tc",
joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "tid"), //这里是把Teacher的主键在关系表的字段中的值，有参数为指定值，不指定则默认 当前类名+另一个类的主键属性名
inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "cid") //这里是把Class的主键在关系表的字段中的值，有参数为指定值，不指定则默认 当前类实例名+另一个类的主键属性名
)
private Set<Class> c ;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Set<Class> getC() {
return c;
}
public void setC(Set<Class> c) {
this.c = c;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Teacher [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", c=" + c + "]";
}
}
配置文件 hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myhibernate</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
<mapping class="model.Class"/>
<mapping class="model.Student"/>
<mapping class="model.Teacher"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>测试类
package service;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import model.Class;
import model.Student;
import model.Teacher;
import util.HibernateUtil;
public class TestMapping2 {
@Test
public void test(){
SessionFactory sessionFactory= HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();//开启事物
session.getTransaction().commit(); // 提交事务
session.close(); // 关闭session
sessionFactory.close(); // 关闭session工厂
}
@Test
public void test2(){
SessionFactory sessionFactory= HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();//开启事物
Student s1 = new Student();
Class c1 = new Class();
Teacher t1 = new Teacher();
s1.setName("张三");
s1.setBirthDay(new Date());
c1.setName("计算机基础");
t1.setName("王老师");
Set<Student> slist = new HashSet<Student>();
Set<Teacher> tlist = new HashSet<Teacher>();
Set<Class> clist = new HashSet<Class>();
slist.add(s1);
tlist.add(t1);
clist.add(c1);
c1.setS(slist);
c1.setT(tlist);
s1.setC(clist);
t1.setC(clist);
session.save(s1);
session.save(t1);
session.save(c1);
session.getTransaction().commit(); // 提交事务
session.close(); // 关闭session
sessionFactory.close(); // 关闭session工厂
}
@Test
public void test3(){
SessionFactory sessionFactory= HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();//开启事物
session.getTransaction().commit(); // 提交事务
Student s1 = (Student) session.get(Student.class, Long.valueOf(1));
Set<Class> c1 = s1.getC();
Iterator<Class> iter = c1.iterator();
while(iter.hasNext()){
Class c = iter.next();
System.out.println(c.getName());
}
session.close(); // 关闭session
sessionFactory.close(); // 关闭session工厂
}
}
总结：hibernate多对多配置
1.首先写实体类
2.配置好单表
3.配置好逻辑键，在维护的一方配置@manyToMany(mappedBy=”“),值为维护方在关系中的值。
4.配置hibernate.cfg.cml
扫一扫
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