引言
I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit)是一种串行通信协议,广泛应用于嵌入式系统中,用于连接低速外设。Linux内核提供了强大的I2C子系统,使得开发者可以方便地编写和使用I2C设备驱动。本文将详细介绍Linux I2C驱动的实现原理,并结合源码进行分析。
I2C子系统架构
Linux I2C子系统主要由以下几个部分组成:
- I2C核心:提供I2C总线注册、设备注册等核心功能。
- I2C适配器:负责具体的I2C通信,通常由硬件实现。
- I2C设备驱动:负责与具体的I2C设备进行通信。
I2C核心
I2C核心代码位于drivers/i2c/i2c-core.c
,主要提供以下功能:
- 注册和注销I2C适配器。
- 注册和注销I2C设备。
- 提供I2C通信的通用接口。
I2C适配器
I2C适配器代码位于drivers/i2c/busses/
目录下,每个适配器驱动文件对应一个具体的硬件实现。适配器驱动需要实现以下结构体:
struct i2c_adapter {
struct module *owner;
unsigned int class;
const struct i2c_algorithm *algo;
void *algo_data;
struct rt_mutex bus_lock;
int timeout;
int retries;
struct device dev;
int nr;
char name[48];
struct completion dev_released;
struct mutex userspace_clients_lock;
struct list_head userspace_clients;
};
其中,i2c_algorithm
结构体定义了适配器的通信方法:
struct i2c_algorithm {
int (*master_xfer)(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num);
int (*smbus_xfer) (struct i2c_adapter *adap, u16 addr, unsigned short flags, char read_write,
u8 command, int size, union i2c_smbus_data *data);
u32 (*functionality) (struct i2c_adapter *);
};
I2C设备驱动
I2C设备驱动代码位于drivers/i2c/
目录下,每个设备驱动文件对应一个具体的I2C设备。设备驱动需要实现以下结构体:
struct i2c_driver {
unsigned int class;
int (*probe)(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id);
int (*remove)(struct i2c_client *client);
void (*shutdown)(struct i2c_client *client);
struct device_driver driver;
const struct i2c_device_id *id_table;
int (*detect)(struct i2c_client *client, struct i2c_board_info *info);
const unsigned short *address_list;
struct list_head clients;
};
源码分析
I2C适配器注册
以下是一个典型的I2C适配器注册过程:
static int __init i2c_adapter_init(void)
{
struct i2c_adapter *adapter;
adapter = kzalloc(sizeof(struct i2c_adapter), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!adapter)
return -ENOMEM;
adapter->owner = THIS_MODULE;
adapter->class = I2C_CLASS_HWMON;
adapter->algo = &i2c_algorithm;
adapter->algo_data = NULL;
adapter->timeout = 100;
adapter->retries = 3;
snprintf(adapter->name, sizeof(adapter->name), "My I2C Adapter");
i2c_add_adapter(adapter);
return 0;
}
I2C设备驱动注册
以下是一个典型的I2C设备驱动注册过程:
static int __init i2c_device_driver_init(void)
{
int ret;
struct i2c_driver *driver;
driver = kzalloc(sizeof(struct i2c_driver), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!driver)
return -ENOMEM;
driver->driver.name = "my_i2c_device";
driver->probe = my_i2c_device_probe;
driver->remove = my_i2c_device_remove;
driver->id_table = my_i2c_device_id_table;
ret = i2c_add_driver(driver);
if (ret)
kfree(driver);
return ret;
}
I2C通信
以下是一个典型的I2C通信过程:
static int my_i2c_device_read(struct i2c_client *client, u8 reg, u8 *val)
{
struct i2c_msg msg[2];
u8 buf[1];
int ret;
buf[0] = reg;
msg[0].addr = client->addr;
msg[0].flags = 0;
msg[0].len = 1;
msg[0].buf = buf;
msg[1].addr = client->addr;
msg[1].flags = I2C_M_RD;
msg[1].len = 1;
msg[1].buf = buf;
ret = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, 2);
if (ret == 2) {
*val = buf[0];
return 0;
} else {
return ret;
}
}
总结
本文详细介绍了Linux I2C驱动的实现原理,并结合源码进行了分析。通过理解I2C子系统的架构和各个组件的作用,开发者可以更加高效地编写和调试I2C设备驱动。希望本文能对您有所帮助!
希望这篇博客对您有所帮助!如果有任何问题或需要进一步的解释,请随时告诉我。