T bean ;
Class<T> bean;
Class<?> bean;
在利用反射获取属性时,遇到这样的写法,对此专门查些资料研究了一下。
单独的T 代表一个类型 而 Class<T>和Class<?>代表这个类型所对应的类
Class<T>在实例化的时候,T要替换成具体类
Class<?>它是个通配泛型,?可以代表任何类型
<? extends T>受限统配,表示T的一个未知子类。
<? super T>下限统配,表示T的一个未知父类。
public T find(Class<T> clazz, int id);
根据类来反射生成一个实例,而单独用T没法做到。
Object类中包含一个方法名叫getClass,利用这个方法就可以获得一个实例的类型类。类型类指的是代表一个类型的类,因为一切皆是对象,类型也不例外,在Java使用类型类来表示一个类型。所有的类型类都是Class类的实例。getClass() 会看到返回Class<?>。
JDK中,普通的Class.newInstance()方法的定义返回Object,要将该返回类型强制转换为另一种类型;
但是使用泛型的Class<T>,Class.newInstance()方法具有一个特定的返回类型;
DefaultListableBeanFactory.java doResolveDependency
- protected Object doResolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, Class<?> type, String beanName,
- Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {
- Object value = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getSuggestedValue(descriptor);
- if (value != null) {
- if (value instanceof String) {
- String strVal = resolveEmbeddedValue((String) value);
- BeanDefinition bd = (beanName != null && containsBean(beanName) ? getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName) : null);
- value = evaluateBeanDefinitionString(strVal, bd);
- }
- TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());
- return (descriptor.getField() != null ?
- converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getField()) :
- converter.convertIfNecessary(value, type, descriptor.getMethodParameter()));
- }
- if (type.isArray()) {
- Class<?> componentType = type.getComponentType();
- Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, componentType, descriptor);
- if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
- if (descriptor.isRequired()) {
- raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(componentType, "array of " + componentType.getName(), descriptor);
- }
- return null;
- }
- if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
- autowiredBeanNames.addAll(matchingBeans.keySet());
- }
- TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());
- return converter.convertIfNecessary(matchingBeans.values(), type);
- }
- else if (Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(type) && type.isInterface()) {
- Class<?> elementType = descriptor.getCollectionType();
- if (elementType == null) {
- if (descriptor.isRequired()) {
- throw new FatalBeanException("No element type declared for collection [" + type.getName() + "]");
- }
- return null;
- }
- Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, elementType, descriptor);
- if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
- if (descriptor.isRequired()) {
- raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(elementType, "collection of " + elementType.getName(), descriptor);
- }
- return null;
- }
- if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
- autowiredBeanNames.addAll(matchingBeans.keySet());
- }
- TypeConverter converter = (typeConverter != null ? typeConverter : getTypeConverter());
- return converter.convertIfNecessary(matchingBeans.values(), type);
- }
- else if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(type) && type.isInterface()) {
- Class<?> keyType = descriptor.getMapKeyType();
- if (keyType == null || !String.class.isAssignableFrom(keyType)) {
- if (descriptor.isRequired()) {
- throw new FatalBeanException("Key type [" + keyType + "] of map [" + type.getName() +
- "] must be assignable to [java.lang.String]");
- }
- return null;
- }
- Class<?> valueType = descriptor.getMapValueType();
- if (valueType == null) {
- if (descriptor.isRequired()) {
- throw new FatalBeanException("No value type declared for map [" + type.getName() + "]");
- }
- return null;
- }
- Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, valueType, descriptor);
- if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
- if (descriptor.isRequired()) {
- raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(valueType, "map with value type " + valueType.getName(), descriptor);
- }
- return null;
- }
- if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
- autowiredBeanNames.addAll(matchingBeans.keySet());
- }
- return matchingBeans;
- }
- else {
- Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);
- if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
- if (descriptor.isRequired()) {
- raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(type, "", descriptor);
- }
- return null;
- }
- if (matchingBeans.size() > 1) {
- String primaryBeanName = determinePrimaryCandidate(matchingBeans, descriptor);
- if (primaryBeanName == null) {
- throw new NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException(type, matchingBeans.keySet());
- }
- if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
- autowiredBeanNames.add(primaryBeanName);
- }
- return matchingBeans.get(primaryBeanName);
- }
- // We have exactly one match.
- Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = matchingBeans.entrySet().iterator().next();
- if (autowiredBeanNames != null) {
- autowiredBeanNames.add(entry.getKey());
- }
- return entry.getValue();
- }
- }