Tensorflow实现Xaiver初始化、权重写入L2正则、添加LRN层

成熟函数的Tensorflow的xaiver初始化方法：tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer

运用tf.Variable()可避免变量名命名空间冲突，运用tf.Variable()的xavier初始化方法为：

 Weights = tf.Variable(tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer()(([input_size,output_size])),name="weights")

tf.get_variable()作为权重初始化方法：

kernel = tf.get_variable(scope+"w",
                         shape=[n_in, n_out],
                         dtype=tf.float32, 
                         initializer=tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer())

具体内容为： 

xavier_initializer(
    uniform=True,
    seed=None,
    dtype=tf.float32
)

参数：

uniform: 使用uniform或者normal分布来随机初始化。 
seed: 可以认为是用来生成随机数的seed 
dtype: 只支持浮点数。

返回值：

初始化权重矩阵

 

xavier原理：

def xavier_init(fan_in, fan_out, constant = 1):
    low = -constant * np.sqrt(6.0 / (fan_in + fan_out))
    high = constant * np.sqrt(6.0 / (fan_in + fan_out))
    return tf.random_uniform((fan_in, fan_out),
                             minval = low, maxval = high,
                             dtype = tf.float32)
#初始化
w1= tf.Variable(xavier_init(n_input, n_hidden))
w2= tf.Variable(tf.zeros([n_hidden, n_input], dtype = tf.float32))

 

在权重初始化加入L2正则化以及LRN层的常用方法：

def variable_with_weight_loss(shape, stddev, wl):
    var = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=stddev))
    if wl is not None:
        weight_loss = tf.multiply(tf.nn.l2_loss(var), wl, name='weight_loss')
        tf.add_to_collection('losses', weight_loss)
    return var

def loss(logits, labels):

    labels = tf.cast(labels, tf.int64)
    cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        logits=logits, labels=labels, name='cross_entropy_per_example')
    cross_entropy_mean = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy, name='cross_entropy')
    tf.add_to_collection('losses', cross_entropy_mean)

weight1 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[5, 5, 3, 64], stddev=5e-2, wl=0.0)
kernel1 = tf.nn.conv2d(image_holder, weight1, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
bias1 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[64]))
conv1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(kernel1, bias1))
pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv1, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
                       padding='SAME')
norm1 = tf.nn.lrn(pool1, 4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75)


weight2 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[5, 5, 64, 64], stddev=5e-2, wl=0.0)
kernel2 = tf.nn.conv2d(norm1, weight2, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
bias2 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[64]))
conv2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(kernel2, bias2))
norm2 = tf.nn.lrn(conv2, 4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75)
pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(norm2, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
                       padding='SAME')

reshape = tf.reshape(pool2, [batch_size, -1])
dim = reshape.get_shape()[1].value
weight3 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[dim, 384], stddev=0.04, wl=0.004)
bias3 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[384]))
local3 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(reshape, weight3) + bias3)

weight4 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[384, 192], stddev=0.04, wl=0.004)
bias4 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[192]))                                      
local4 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(local3, weight4) + bias4)

weight5 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[192, 10], stddev=1/192.0, wl=0.0)
bias5 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[10]))
logits = tf.add(tf.matmul(local4, weight5), bias5)

loss = loss(logits, label_holder)

 

完整代码如下：

import cifar10,cifar10_input
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import time

max_steps = 3000
batch_size = 128
data_dir = '/tmp/cifar10_data/cifar-10-batches-bin'


def variable_with_weight_loss(shape, stddev, wl):
    var = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=stddev))
    if wl is not None:
        weight_loss = tf.multiply(tf.nn.l2_loss(var), wl, name='weight_loss')
        tf.add_to_collection('losses', weight_loss)
    return var


def loss(logits, labels):
#交叉熵损失与权重正则放在一起
    labels = tf.cast(labels, tf.int64)
    cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        logits=logits, labels=labels, name='cross_entropy_per_example')
    cross_entropy_mean = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy, name='cross_entropy')
    tf.add_to_collection('losses', cross_entropy_mean)
    return tf.add_n(tf.get_collection('losses'), name='total_loss')
  


cifar10.maybe_download_and_extract()


images_train, labels_train = cifar10_input.distorted_inputs(data_dir=data_dir,
                                                            batch_size=batch_size)

images_test, labels_test = cifar10_input.inputs(eval_data=True,
                                                data_dir=data_dir,
                                                batch_size=batch_size)                                                  
#images_train, labels_train = cifar10.distorted_inputs()
#images_test, labels_test = cifar10.inputs(eval_data=True)

image_holder = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [batch_size, 24, 24, 3])
label_holder = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [batch_size])

#logits = inference(image_holder)

weight1 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[5, 5, 3, 64], stddev=5e-2, wl=0.0)
kernel1 = tf.nn.conv2d(image_holder, weight1, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
bias1 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[64]))
conv1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(kernel1, bias1))
pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv1, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
                       padding='SAME')
norm1 = tf.nn.lrn(pool1, 4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75)


weight2 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[5, 5, 64, 64], stddev=5e-2, wl=0.0)
kernel2 = tf.nn.conv2d(norm1, weight2, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
bias2 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[64]))
conv2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(kernel2, bias2))
norm2 = tf.nn.lrn(conv2, 4, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0, beta=0.75)
pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(norm2, ksize=[1, 3, 3, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
                       padding='SAME')

reshape = tf.reshape(pool2, [batch_size, -1])
dim = reshape.get_shape()[1].value
weight3 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[dim, 384], stddev=0.04, wl=0.004)
bias3 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[384]))
local3 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(reshape, weight3) + bias3)

weight4 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[384, 192], stddev=0.04, wl=0.004)
bias4 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[192]))                                      
local4 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(local3, weight4) + bias4)

weight5 = variable_with_weight_loss(shape=[192, 10], stddev=1/192.0, wl=0.0)
bias5 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[10]))
logits = tf.add(tf.matmul(local4, weight5), bias5)

loss = loss(logits, label_holder)


train_op = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-3).minimize(loss) #0.72

top_k_op = tf.nn.in_top_k(logits, label_holder, 1)

sess = tf.InteractiveSession()
tf.global_variables_initializer().run()

tf.train.start_queue_runners()
###
for step in range(max_steps):
    start_time = time.time()
    image_batch,label_batch = sess.run([images_train,labels_train])
    _, loss_value = sess.run([train_op, loss],feed_dict={image_holder: image_batch, 
                                                         label_holder:label_batch})
    duration = time.time() - start_time

    if step % 10 == 0:
        examples_per_sec = batch_size / duration
        sec_per_batch = float(duration)
    
        format_str = ('step %d, loss = %.2f (%.1f examples/sec; %.3f sec/batch)')
        print(format_str % (step, loss_value, examples_per_sec, sec_per_batch))
    
###
num_examples = 10000
import math
num_iter = int(math.ceil(num_examples / batch_size))
true_count = 0  
total_sample_count = num_iter * batch_size
step = 0
while step < num_iter:
    image_batch,label_batch = sess.run([images_test,labels_test])
    predictions = sess.run([top_k_op],feed_dict={image_holder: image_batch,
                                                 label_holder:label_batch})
    true_count += np.sum(predictions)
    step += 1

precision = true_count / total_sample_count
print('precision @ 1 = %.3f' % precision)