windows vc ipv6简介及获取配置ipv6

一、ipv6简介

        IPv6是英文“Internet Protocol Version 6”（互联网协议第6版）的缩写，是互联网工程任务组（IETF）设计的用于替代IPv4的下一代IP协议，其地址数量号称可以为全世界的每一粒沙子编上一个地址  。由于IPv4最大的问题在于网络地址资源不足，严重制约了互联网的应用和发展。IPv6的使用，不仅能解决网络地址资源数量的问题，而且也解决了多种接入设备连入互联网的障碍 。

二、ipv6表示方法

1、冒分十六进制表示法

格式为X:X:X:X:X:X:X:X，其中每个X表示地址中的16b，以十六进制表示，例如：
ABCD:EF01:2345:6789:ABCD:EF01:2345:6789

这种表示法中，每个X的前导0是可以省略的，例如：
2001:0DB8:0000:0023:0008:0800:200C:417A→ 2001:DB8:0:23:8:800:200C:417A

2、0位压缩表示法

在某些情况下，一个IPv6地址中间可能包含很长的一段0，可以把连续的一段0压缩为“::”。
但为保证地址解析的唯一性，地址中”::”只能出现一次，例如：

FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:1101 → FF01::1101

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 → ::1

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 → ::

3、内嵌IPv4地址表示法

为了实现IPv4-IPv6互通，IPv4地址会嵌入IPv6地址中，此时地址常表示为：
X:X:X:X:X:X:d.d.d.d，
前96b采用冒分十六进制表示，而最后32b地址则使用IPv4的点分十进制表示，例如
::192.168.0.1与::FFFF:192.168.0.1
就是两个典型的例子，注意在前96b中，压缩0位的方法依旧适用

三、windows查看配置ipv6地址以及路由

1、查看

打开cmd，输入

ipconfig /all

显示所有网卡信息，ipv6如下图

输入

route print

查看所有ipv6路由

2、配置

 将下面的 地址、路由替换为你要配置的地址

 网卡index 替换为你自己网卡的信息

配置IPv6单播地址
netsh interface ipv6 add/del address 网卡index 2001::1


配置IPv6任播地址
netsh interface ipv6 add address 网卡index 3ffe:320e:213:: anycast


配置IPv6路由
netsh interface ipv6 add/del route 2001::/64 网卡index 2001::2

网卡index获取方法

输入route print 标红的就是网卡index 

四、使用vc代码获取配置ipv6

1、获取

这里用到 PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES 这个结构体，它可以获取到ipv4和ipv6的所有信息

typedef struct _IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES {
  union {
    ULONGLONG Alignment;//预订的。 由编译器用来对齐结构
    struct {
      ULONG Length;//此结构的长度
      DWORD IfIndex;//这些地址关联的接口的索引
    };
  };
  struct _IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES* Next;//指向下一个适配器地址列表的指针
  PCHAR AdapterName;//包含与这些地址关联的适配器名称的字符数组
  PIP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS FirstUnicastAddress;//指向由 AdapterName 指定的适配器地址列表第一个 IP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS（单播地址） 结构的指针
  PIP_ADAPTER_ANYCAST_ADDRESS FirstAnycastAddress;//指向由 AdapterName 指定的适配器地址列表第一个 IP_ADAPTER_ANYCAST_ADDRESS（任播地址） 结构的指针
  PIP_ADAPTER_MULTICAST_ADDRESS FirstMulticastAddress;//指向由 AdapterName 指定的适配器地址列表中第一个 IP_ADAPTER_MULTICAST_ADDRESS（组播地址） 结构的指针
  PIP_ADAPTER_DNS_SERVER_ADDRESS FirstDnsServerAddress;//指向由 AdapterName 指定的适配器地址列表中第一个 IP_ADAPTER_DNS_SERVER_ADDRESS（dns地址） 结构的指针
  PWCHAR DnsSuffix;//与此适配器关联的 DNS 后缀
  PWCHAR Description;//适配器的描述
  PWCHAR FriendlyName;//一个用户友好的名称
  BYTE PhysicalAddress[MAX_ADAPTER_ADDRESS_LENGTH];//适配器的媒体访问控制 (MAC) 地址。 
  DWORD PhysicalAddressLength;//PhysicalAddress 成员中指定的地址的长度
  DWORD Flags;//适配器标志的组合
  DWORD Mtu;//最大传输单元 (MTU)
  DWORD IfType;//使用 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) 定义的值的接口类型
  IF_OPER_STATUS OperStatus;//运行状态
  DWORD Ipv6IfIndex;//IPv6 IP 地址的接口索引
  DWORD ZoneIndices[16];//每个范围级别的范围 ID 数组
  PIP_ADAPTER_PREFIX FirstPrefix;//指向 IPv6IfIndex 成员中第一个适配器前缀的指针
} IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES, *PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES;

代码如下：

#include <winsock2.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>
#include <time.h>

#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>//getaddrinfo inet_ntop

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")

using namespace std;

// Link with Iphlpapi.lib
#pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib")

#define WORKING_BUFFER_SIZE 15000
#define MAX_TRIES 3

#define MALLOC(x) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (x))
#define FREE(x) HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (x))

int get_addrinfo(const struct sockaddr* addr, string& ip, uint16_t& port)
{
    void* numeric_addr = NULL;
    char addr_buff[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];

    int len = sizeof(sockaddr_in);;
    char* b = (char*)addr;

    if (AF_INET == addr->sa_family)
    {
        len = sizeof(sockaddr_in);
        numeric_addr = &((struct sockaddr_in*)addr)->sin_addr;
        port = ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in*)addr)->sin_port);

        b = (char*)((struct sockaddr_in*)addr);
    }
    else if (AF_INET6 == addr->sa_family)
    {
        len = sizeof(sockaddr_in6);
        numeric_addr = &((struct sockaddr_in6*)addr)->sin6_addr;
        port = ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in6*)addr)->sin6_port);

        b = (char*)((struct sockaddr_in6*)addr);
    }
    else
    {
        return -1;
    }

    //printf("family:%d\n", addr->sa_family);
    if (NULL != inet_ntop(addr->sa_family, numeric_addr, addr_buff, sizeof(addr_buff)))
        ip = addr_buff;
    else
        return -1;

    return 0;
}

/* Note: could also use malloc() and free() */

int __cdecl main()
{

    /* Declare and initialize variables */

    DWORD dwSize = 0;
    DWORD dwRetVal = 0;

    unsigned int i = 0;

    // Set the flags to pass to GetAdaptersAddresses
    ULONG flags = GAA_FLAG_INCLUDE_PREFIX | GAA_FLAG_INCLUDE_GATEWAYS;

    // default to unspecified address family (both)
    ULONG family = AF_UNSPEC;

    LPVOID lpMsgBuf = NULL;

    PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pAddresses = NULL;
    ULONG outBufLen = 0;
    ULONG Iterations = 0;

    PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pCurrAddresses = NULL;
    PIP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS pUnicast = NULL;
    PIP_ADAPTER_ANYCAST_ADDRESS pAnycast = NULL;
    PIP_ADAPTER_MULTICAST_ADDRESS pMulticast = NULL;
    IP_ADAPTER_DNS_SERVER_ADDRESS* pDnServer = NULL;
    IP_ADAPTER_PREFIX* pPrefix = NULL;
    IP_ADAPTER_GATEWAY_ADDRESS_LH* pGetway = NULL;

    printf("Calling GetAdaptersAddresses function with family = ");
    if (family == AF_INET)
        printf("AF_INET\n");
    if (family == AF_INET6)
        printf("AF_INET6\n");
    if (family == AF_UNSPEC)
        printf("AF_UNSPEC\n\n");

    // Allocate a 15 KB buffer to start with.
    outBufLen = WORKING_BUFFER_SIZE;

    do {

        pAddresses = (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES*)MALLOC(outBufLen);
        if (pAddresses == NULL) {
            printf
            ("Memory allocation failed for IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES struct\n");
            exit(1);
        }

        dwRetVal =
            GetAdaptersAddresses(family, flags, NULL, pAddresses, &outBufLen);

        if (dwRetVal == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
            FREE(pAddresses);
            pAddresses = NULL;
        }
        else {
            break;
        }

        Iterations++;

    } while ((dwRetVal == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) && (Iterations < MAX_TRIES));

    if (dwRetVal == NO_ERROR) {
        // If successful, output some information from the data we received
        pCurrAddresses = pAddresses;
        while (pCurrAddresses) {
            printf("\tLength of the IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESS struct: %ld\n",
                pCurrAddresses->Length);
            printf("\tIfIndex (IPv4 interface): %u\n", pCurrAddresses->IfIndex);
            printf("\tAdapter name: %s\n", pCurrAddresses->AdapterName);

            pUnicast = pCurrAddresses->FirstUnicastAddress;
            if (pUnicast != NULL) {
                for (i = 0; pUnicast != NULL; i++) {
                    struct sockaddr* addr = pUnicast->Address.lpSockaddr;
                    //struct sockaddr_storage cliaddr;
                    string ip = "";
                    uint16_t port = 0;
                    get_addrinfo(addr, ip, port);
                    cout << ip << ":" << port << endl;
                    pUnicast = pUnicast->Next;
                }

                printf("\tNumber of Unicast Addresses: %d\n", i);
            }
            else
                printf("\tNo Unicast Addresses\n");

            pAnycast = pCurrAddresses->FirstAnycastAddress;
            if (pAnycast != NULL) {
                for (i = 0; pAnycast != NULL; i++) {
                    struct sockaddr* addr = pAnycast->Address.lpSockaddr;
                    //struct sockaddr_storage cliaddr;
                    string ip = "";
                    uint16_t port = 0;
                    get_addrinfo(addr, ip, port);
                    cout << ip << ":" << port << endl;
                    pAnycast = pAnycast->Next;
                }

                printf("\tNumber of pAnycast Addresses: %d\n", i);
            }
            else
                printf("\tNo pAnycast Addresses\n");

            pMulticast = pCurrAddresses->FirstMulticastAddress;
            if (pMulticast != NULL) {
                for (i = 0; pMulticast != NULL; i++) {
                    struct sockaddr* addr = pMulticast->Address.lpSockaddr;
                    //struct sockaddr_storage cliaddr;
                    string ip = "";
                    uint16_t port = 0;
                    get_addrinfo(addr, ip, port);
                    cout << ip << ":" << port << endl;
                    pMulticast = pMulticast->Next;
                }

                printf("\tNumber of pMulticast Addresses: %d\n", i);
            }
            else
                printf("\tNo pMulticast Addresses\n");

            pDnServer = pCurrAddresses->FirstDnsServerAddress;
            if (pDnServer != NULL) {
                for (i = 0; pDnServer != NULL; i++) {
                    struct sockaddr* addr = pDnServer->Address.lpSockaddr;
                    //struct sockaddr_storage cliaddr;
                    string ip = "";
                    uint16_t port = 0;
                    get_addrinfo(addr, ip, port);
                    cout << ip << ":" << port << endl;
                    pDnServer = pDnServer->Next;
                }

                printf("\tNumber of pDnServer Addresses: %d\n", i);
            }
            else
                printf("\tNo pDnServer Addresses\n");

            printf("\tDNS Suffix: %wS\n", pCurrAddresses->DnsSuffix);
            printf("\tDescription: %wS\n", pCurrAddresses->Description);
            printf("\tFriendly name: %wS\n", pCurrAddresses->FriendlyName);

            if (pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddressLength != 0) {
                printf("\tPhysical address: ");
                for (i = 0; i < (int)pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddressLength;
                    i++) {
                    if (i == (pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddressLength - 1))
                        printf("%.2X\n",
                            (int)pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[i]);
                    else
                        printf("%.2X-",
                            (int)pCurrAddresses->PhysicalAddress[i]);
                }
            }
            printf("\tFlags: %ld\n", pCurrAddresses->Flags);
            printf("\tMtu: %lu\n", pCurrAddresses->Mtu);
            printf("\tIfType: %ld\n", pCurrAddresses->IfType);
            printf("\tOperStatus: %ld\n", pCurrAddresses->OperStatus);
            printf("\tIpv6IfIndex (IPv6 interface): %u\n",
                pCurrAddresses->Ipv6IfIndex);
            printf("\tZoneIndices (hex): ");
            for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
                printf("%lx ", pCurrAddresses->ZoneIndices[i]);
            printf("\n");

            printf("\tTransmit link speed: %I64u\n", pCurrAddresses->TransmitLinkSpeed);
            printf("\tReceive link speed: %I64u\n", pCurrAddresses->ReceiveLinkSpeed);

            pPrefix = pCurrAddresses->FirstPrefix;
            if (pPrefix) {
                for (i = 0; pPrefix != NULL; i++)
                    pPrefix = pPrefix->Next;
                printf("\tNumber of IP Adapter Prefix entries: %d\n", i);
            }
            else
                printf("\tNumber of IP Adapter Prefix entries: 0\n");

            pGetway = pCurrAddresses->FirstGatewayAddress;
            if (pGetway != NULL) {
                for (i = 0; pGetway != NULL; i++) {
                    struct sockaddr* addr = pGetway->Address.lpSockaddr;
                    //struct sockaddr_storage cliaddr;
                    string ip = "";
                    uint16_t port = 0;
                    get_addrinfo(addr, ip, port);
                    cout << ip << ":" << port << endl;
                    pGetway = pGetway->Next;
                }

                printf("\tNumber of pGetway Addresses: %d\n", i);
            }
            else
                printf("\tNo pGetway Addresses\n");

            printf("\n");

            pCurrAddresses = pCurrAddresses->Next;
        }
    }
    else {
        printf("Call to GetAdaptersAddresses failed with error: %d\n",
            dwRetVal);
        if (dwRetVal == ERROR_NO_DATA)
            printf("\tNo addresses were found for the requested parameters\n");
        else {

            if (FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
                FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
                NULL, dwRetVal, MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
                // Default language
                (LPTSTR)&lpMsgBuf, 0, NULL)) {
                printf("\tError: %s", lpMsgBuf);
                LocalFree(lpMsgBuf);
                if (pAddresses)
                    FREE(pAddresses);
                exit(1);
            }
        }
    }

    if (pAddresses) {
        FREE(pAddresses);
    }

    return 0;
}

2、配置

找了很久，翻了很多资料，最终只找到通过命令行配置ipv6的方法

代码如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>
#include <time.h>

#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>//getaddrinfo inet_ntop
#include <process.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")


// Link with Iphlpapi.lib
#pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib")

void ShowError(char* pszText)
{
	printf("%s Error\n", pszText);
}


// 执行 cmd 命令, 并获取执行结果数据
BOOL PipeCmd(char* pszCmd, char* pszResultBuffer, DWORD dwResultBufferSize)
{
	DWORD dwResultBufferSizeRead;
	HANDLE hReadPipe = NULL;
	HANDLE hWritePipe = NULL;
	SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES securityAttributes = { 0 };
	BOOL bRet = FALSE;
	STARTUPINFO si = { 0 };
	PROCESS_INFORMATION pi = { 0 };

	// 设定管道的安全属性
	securityAttributes.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
	securityAttributes.nLength = sizeof(securityAttributes);
	securityAttributes.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
	// 创建匿名管道
	bRet = ::CreatePipe(&hReadPipe, &hWritePipe, &securityAttributes, 0);
	if (FALSE == bRet)
	{
		ShowError((char*)"CreatePipe");
		return FALSE;
	}
	// 设置新进程参数
	si.cb = sizeof(si);
	si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW | STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
	si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
	si.hStdError = hWritePipe;
	si.hStdOutput = hWritePipe;
	// 创建新进程执行命令, 将执行结果写入匿名管道中
	bRet = ::CreateProcess(NULL, (LPSTR)pszCmd, NULL, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi);
	if (FALSE == bRet)
	{
		ShowError((char*)"CreateProcess");
	}
	// 等待命令执行结束
	::WaitForSingleObject(pi.hThread, INFINITE);
	::WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, INFINITE);
	// 从匿名管道中读取结果到输出缓冲区
	::RtlZeroMemory(pszResultBuffer, dwResultBufferSize);
	//::ReadFile(hReadPipe, pszResultBuffer, dwResultBufferSize, NULL, NULL);
	::ReadFile(hReadPipe, pszResultBuffer, dwResultBufferSize, &dwResultBufferSizeRead, NULL);
	//cout << dwResultBufferSize1 << endl;
	// 关闭句柄, 释放内存
	::CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
	::CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
	::CloseHandle(hWritePipe);
	::CloseHandle(hReadPipe);

	return TRUE;
}


void main() {
    //终端指令查看 三
    string getVideoInfoParam = "netsh interface ipv6 del route 2001:db8::/128 13 fe80::8 store=active";
	char szResultBuffer[2560] = { 0 };
	DWORD dwResultBufferSize = 2560;
	string videoInfoStr;
	if (TRUE == PipeCmd(const_cast<char*>(getVideoInfoParam.c_str()), szResultBuffer, dwResultBufferSize)) {
		videoInfoStr = szResultBuffer;
		printf("%s\n", videoInfoStr.c_str());
	}
	cout << "end" << endl;
	system("pause");
}