Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.
Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
For example, two is written as II in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. Twelve is written as, XII, which is simply X + II. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9.
X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90.
C can be placed before D (500) and M (1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
Example 1:
Input: "III"
Output: 3
Example 2:
Input: "IV"
Output: 4
Example 3:
Input: "IX"
Output: 9
Example 4:
Input: "LVIII"
Output: 58
Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: "MCMXCIV"
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
题解
简单来说,这题是将罗马数字转换成阿拉伯数字,可以直接根据罗马字符的大小顺序来进行判断,从后面往前面遍历,如果后面的罗马字符比前面的大,则把后面的值减掉前面的值,反之则相加。
class Solution {
public int romanToInt(String s) {
// 从后往前遍历
int res = getValue(s.charAt(s.length() - 1));
for (int i = s.length() - 1; i > 0; i--) {
if (getValue(s.charAt(i)) <= getValue(s.charAt(i - 1))) {
res += getValue(s.charAt(i - 1));
} else {
res -= getValue(s.charAt(i - 1));
}
}
return res;
}
// 获取罗马数字字符的大小
public int getValue(char c) {
switch(c) {
case 'I':
return 1;
case 'V':
return 5;
case 'X':
return 10;
case 'L':
return 50;
case 'C':
return 100;
case 'D':
return 500;
case 'M':
return 1000;
default:
return 0;
}
}
}