0.概述
- 要使用Qt中有关网络编程的API,需要添加
network
模块
1.UDP Socket
1.核心API概览
- 主要的类有两个:
QUdpSocket
和QNetworkDatagram
QUdpSocket
表⽰⼀个UDP的socket⽂件
bind(const QHostAddress&, quint16)
:绑定指定的端口号
receiveDatagram()
:返回QNetworkDatagram
,读取⼀个UDP数据报
writeDatagram(const QNetworkDatagram&)
:发送⼀个UDP数据报
readyRead()
:在收到数据并准备就绪后触发
QNetworkDatagram
表⽰⼀个UDP数据报
QNetworkDatagram(const QByteArray&, const QHostAddress&, quint16)
:
- 通过
QByteArray
,⽬标IP地址,⽬标端⼝号构造⼀个UDP数据报 - 通常⽤于发送数据时
data()
:获取数据报内部持有的数据,返回`QByteArraysenderAddress()
:获取数据报中包含的对端的IP地址senderPort()
:获取数据报中包含的对端的端⼝号
2.回显服务器
- ⼀般来说,要先连接信号槽,再绑定端⼝
- 如果顺序反过来,可能会出现端⼝绑定好了之后,请求就过来了,此时还没来得及连接信号槽,那么这个请求就有可能错过了
- 示例:
{
socket = new QUdpSocket(this);
connect(socket, &QUdpSocket::readyRead, this, &Widget::ProcessRequest);
if (!socket->bind(QHostAddress::Any, 2333))
{
QMessageBox::critical(this, "服务器启动出错", socket->errorString());
return;
}
}
void Widget::ProcessRequest()
{
const QNetworkDatagram& req = socket->receiveDatagram();
QString request = req.data();
const QString& response = Process(request);
QNetworkDatagram resp(response.toUtf8(), req.senderAddress(),
req.senderPort());
socket->writeDatagram(resp);
QString log = "[" + req.senderAddress().toString() + ":" +
QString::number(req.senderPort()) + "] req: " +
request + ", resp: " + response;
ui->listWidget->addItem(log);
}
QString Widget::Process(const QString &request)
{
return request;
}
3.回显客户端
{
socket = new QUdpSocket(this);
connect(socket, &QUdpSocket::readyRead, this, &Widget::ProcessResponse);
}
void Widget::on_pushButton_clicked()
{
const QString& text = ui->lineEdit->text();
QNetworkDatagram req(text.toUtf8(), QHostAddress(SERVER_IP), SERVER_PORT);
socket->writeDatagram(req);
ui->listWidget->addItem("客户端说: " + text);
ui->lineEdit->setText("");
}
void Widget::ProcessResponse()
{
const QNetworkDatagram& resp = socket->receiveDatagram();
QString response = resp.data();
ui->listWidget->addItem("服务器说: " + response);
}