__new__和__init__调用

1、__new__() 是一种负责创建类实例的静态方法，它无需使用 staticmethod 装饰器修饰，且该方法会优先 __init__() 初始化方法被调用。

2、一般情况下，覆写 __new__() 的实现将会使用合适的参数调用其超类的 super().__new__()，并在返回之前修改实例。

class TestNew(object):
    instances_created = 100

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        print('__new__ is operated', cls, *args, **kwargs)
        instance = super().__new__(cls)
        instance.number = cls.instances_created
        cls.instances_created += 1
        return instance

    def __init__(self, name):
        print('__init__ is operated', self, name)
        self.name = name


t1 = TestNew('wangzi')
t2 = TestNew('gongzhu')

print(t1.number, t1.instances_created)
print(t2.number, t2.instances_created)

3、在__new__方法中如果进行了重写，导致返回了其他类的实例，则不再继续执行__init__方法

结果：
__new__ is operated <class '__main__.TestNew'> gongzhu
__init__ is operated <__main__.TestNew object at 0x051AEAF0> gongzhu
100 102
101 102

class nonZero(int):
    def __new__(cls, value):
        print("__new__()")
        return super().__new__(cls, value) if value != 0 else None

    def __init__(self, skipped_value):
        print("__init__()")
        super().__init__()


print(type(nonZero(-12)))
print(type(nonZero(0)))

执行结果：

__new__()
__init__()
<class '__main__.nonZero'>