python环境

python

命令安装

sudo apt install python3.8
sudo apt install python3-pip
pip install --upgrade pip  #pip升级

安装包操作

##python所需源（ubuntu）
sudo apt install build-essential -y
sudo apt install libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev -y
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
##python所需源（centos）
 yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel


##安装包
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.3/Python-3.8.3.tgz
tar -zxvf  Python-3.8.3.tgz
##编译
mkdir /usr/local/python3 #创建编译安装目录
cd Python-3.8.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && sudo make install
##创建软连接
ll  /usr/bin |grep python
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.8 /usr/bin/pip3.8

#Dockerfile ubuntu18.04基础镜像下
RUN apt-get install gcc  make  libssl-dev zlib1g-dev  -y
COPY tar /temp
#Python 3.5.3支持sqlite包
RUN cd /temp && tar xvf sqlite-autoconf-3390100.tar.gz \
&& cd sqlite-autoconf-3390100 \
&& ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sqlite \
&& make \
&& make install
#Python 3.5.3安装
RUN  tar xvf /temp/Python-3.5.3.tar.xz \
    && cd Python-3.5.3 \
    && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.5.3 --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions \
    && make \
    && make install  \
    && ln -s /usr/local/python3.5.3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3.5 \
    && ln -s /usr/local/python3.5.3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
RUN pip3 install --upgrade pip -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple --trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

Pip

pip uninstall name   #卸载包
pip install name     #安装包
pip install ***.whl  #安装本地安装包whl
pip install -r requirements.txt #安装requirements.txt文件列出的所有包
pip list             #查看所有已安装包

pip freeze > requirements.txt                #导出当前虚拟环境依赖包信息到requirements.txt 文件
pip download  -r  requirements.txt -d \whls  #将安装的Python依赖包保存到\whls目录下
pip install --no-index --find-links \whls -r requirements.txt #安装requirements.txt文件列出的所有包(安装源为\whls)。
pip install --no-cache-dir --trusted-host  172.18.31.204 -i http://172.18.31.204:8081/repository/pypi-aliyun/simple -r requirements.txt #安装源为自搭私服

#安装源
pip install virtualenvwrapper -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple  
https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple   #清华
https://pypi.douban.com/simple             #豆瓣
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/     #阿里云

Virtualenvwrapper

相关命令

mkvirtualenv env #创建虚拟环境
mkvirtualenv -p  python3.5  env  #创建指定python版本的虚拟环境
rmvirtualenv env #删除虚拟环境
workon env       #切换到指定虚拟环境
deactivate       #退出虚拟环境

安装配置

pip install virtualenvwrapper   #安装
#配置
vi  ~/.bashrc     #文件最后加入以下命令
	export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs    #指定虚拟环境存放路径
	source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh #virtualenvwrapper.sh文件路径位置查找命令sudo find / -name virtualenvwrapper.sh
source ~/.bashrc

export  #查看linux系统环境变量

问题合集

#1.ERROR: virtualenvwrapper could not find virtualenv in your path
sudo cp ~/.local/bin/virtualenv /usr/local/bin/

Virtualenv

pip install virtualenv          #安装
sudo apt-get install virtualenv #安装
virtualenv env                  #创建虚拟环境
virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python2.7 env #创建指定python版本的虚拟环境
source env/bin/activate         #激活虚拟环境