## Request:
1. request对象和response对象的原理
1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
2. request对象是来获取请求消息,response对象是来设置响应消息
2. request对象继承体系结构:
ServletRequest -- 接口
| 继承
HttpServletRequest -- 接口
| 实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)
3. request功能:
1. 获取请求消息数据
1. 获取请求行数据
* GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
* 方法:
1. 获取请求方式 :GET
* String getMethod()
2. (*)获取虚拟目录:/day14
* String getContextPath()
3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
* String getServletPath()
4. 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
* String getQueryString()
5. (*)获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
* String getRequestURI(): /day14/demo1
* StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/day14/demo1
* URL:统一资源定位符 : http://localhost/day14/demo1 中华人民共和国
* URI:统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1 共和国
6. 获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
* String getProtocol()
7. 获取客户机的IP地址:
* String getRemoteAddr()
package zr.web.Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* 演示Request对象来获取请求行数据
*/
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
1. 获取请求方式:GET还是POST
* String getMethod()
2. ** 获取虚拟目录:/day14
* String getContextPath()
3. 获取Servlet路径:/demo1
* String getServletPath()
4. 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
* String getQueryString()
5. ** 获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
* String getRequestURI():/day14/demo1
* StringBuffer getRequestURL():http://localhost/day14/demo1
6. 获取协议及版本号:HTTP 1.1
* String getProtocol()
7. 获取客户机的IP地址
* String getRemoteAddr()
*/
//1.获取请求方式GET
String method = request.getMethod();
System.out.println(method);
//2.** 获取虚拟目录:/day14
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
System.out.println(contextPath);
//3. 获取Servlet路径:/demo1
String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
System.out.println(servletPath);
// 4. 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
String queryString = request.getQueryString();
System.out.println(queryString);
//5. ** 获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
System.out.println(requestURL);
System.out.println(requestURI);
//6. 获取协议及版本号:HTTP 1.1
String protocol = request.getProtocol();
System.out.println(protocol);
//7. 获取客户机的IP地址
String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
System.out.println(remoteAddr);
}
}
输出结果:
由于设置的时候给虚拟目录设置为"/"所以第二行虚拟目录为空行
GET
/RequestDemo1
name=zhansan
http://localhost/RequestDemo1
/RequestDemo1
HTTP/1.1
2. 获取请求头数据
* 方法:
* (*)String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
* Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称
演示上面两个方法
package zr.web.Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据
//1. 获取所有请求头名称
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
//2. 遍历Enumeration
while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = headerNames.nextElement();
//根据名称来获取请求头的值
String value = request.getHeader(name);
System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
}
}
}
判断访问Servlet是Chrome浏览器还是Firefox浏览器
package zr.web.Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo3")
public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:user-agent
String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
//判断agent的浏览器版本,通过版本做出不同操作
if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
System.out.println("谷歌");
}else if (agent.contains("Firefox")){
System.out.println("火狐");
}
}
}
演示获取referer,由于是直接在浏览器输入的url访问的这个Servlet,不是在其他链接点链接进入的这个Servlet,所以输出为null,如果不为null可以自己写一个页面,里面加上这个链接,这里就不做演示了,显示出来的值就是这个页面的url值
package zr.web.Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:referer
String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
System.out.println(referer);
}
}
运用referer来判断是否有盗链,这里面虚拟路径设置的是"/"
package zr.web.Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:referer
String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
System.out.println(referer);
//防盗链
if (referer!=null){
if (referer.contains("/")){
//正常访问
System.out.println("正常!!");
}else{
//盗链
System.out.println("小样,还想盗链??");
}
}
}
}
3. 获取请求体数据:
* 请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
* 步骤:
1. 获取流对象
* BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据
* ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型数据
* 在文件上传知识点后讲解
注册页面值接收案例
package zr.web.Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求消息体---请求参数
//1.获取字符流
BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
//2.读取数据
String line=null;
while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println(line);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
注册页面html,这里面把action设置为"/requestDemo5",最后提交表单后,username和password的值会返回给Servlet的doPOST()方法的request来处理,输入下面数值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/requestDemo5" method="post">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
最后控制台输出为
username=zhansan&password=12
2. 再从流对象中拿数据
2. 其他功能:
1. 获取请求参数,通用方式:不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数
1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123
2. String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game
3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
4. Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
可以写个注册页面,form的method参数写为post和get,访问同一个Servlet,在Servlet的doGET和doPOST方法里面用这几种方法来验证
对于同一个页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/requestDemo6" method="get">
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"><br>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="game">game
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="study">study
<br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
输入同样的值
运用上面不同的方法得到的结果如下
1
package zr.web.Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.Enumeration;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException{
/*
获取请求参数,post和get方式通用的方式,兼容get和post
1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zhangsan&password=123 ,通过username或者password获取其值
2. String[] getParamenterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game ,通过hobby可以获取其值得数组
3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames() :获取所有请求的参数的名称
4. Map<String,String[ ]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
*/
//post 获取请求参数
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("post");
System.out.println(username);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException{
//get 获取请求参数
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
1的运行结果:
post
zhansan
2
package zr.web.Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.Enumeration;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException{
/*
获取请求参数,post和get方式通用的方式,兼容get和post
1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zhangsan&password=123 ,通过username或者password获取其值
2. String[] getParamenterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game ,通过hobby可以获取其值得数组
3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames() :获取所有请求的参数的名称
4. Map<String,String[ ]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
*/
//根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
for (String hobby : hobbies) {
System.out.println(hobby);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException{
//get 获取请求参数
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
2的运行结果
game
study
3
package zr.web.Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.Enumeration;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException{
/*
获取请求参数,post和get方式通用的方式,兼容get和post
1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zhangsan&password=123 ,通过username或者password获取其值
2. String[] getParamenterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game ,通过hobby可以获取其值得数组
3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames() :获取所有请求的参数的名称
4. Map<String,String[ ]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
*/
// Enumeration<String> getParameterNames() :获取所有请求的参数的名称
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
System.out.println(name);
String value = request.getParameter(name);
System.out.println(value);
System.out.println("----------------");
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException{
//get 获取请求参数
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
3的运行结果
username
zhansan
----------------
password
12334
----------------
hobby
study
----------------
4
package zr.web.Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException{
/*
获取请求参数,post和get方式通用的方式,兼容get和post
1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zhangsan&password=123 ,通过username或者password获取其值
2. String[] getParamenterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game ,通过hobby可以获取其值得数组
3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames() :获取所有请求的参数的名称
4. Map<String,String[ ]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
*/
//Map<String,String[ ]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
//遍历
Set<String> keySet = parameterMap.keySet();
for (String name : keySet) {
//根据键获取值
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
System.out.println(name);
for (String value : values) {
System.out.println(value);
}
System.out.println("---------------");
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException{
//get 获取请求参数
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
4的运行结果
username
zhansan
---------------
password
12334
---------------
hobby
game
study
---------------
* 中文乱码问题:
* get方式:tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
* post方式:会乱码
* 解决:在获取参数前,设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
2. 请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
1. 步骤:
1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
2. 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发:forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
代码示例:在RequestDemo8里面把request和response通过forward发送给RequestDemo9,访问requestDemo8先输出 8.... ,又输出 9.... ,说明RequestDemo9也被访问成功
package zr.web.Request;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//get 获取请求参数
System.out.println("8.....");
//转发到Demo9
request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9").forward(request,response);
}
}
package zr.web.Request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo9")
public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException{
//get 获取请求参数
System.out.println("9....");
}
}
2. 特点:
1. 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
2. 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
3. 转发是一次请求
3. 共享数据:
* 域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
* request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
* 方法:
1. void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
2. Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
4. 获取ServletContext:
* ServletContext getServletContext()