AT91Sam9260的网卡驱动

首先先上电路原理图，关于AT91芯片网卡部分的引脚：

内核源码中对网卡以及其他外设设备的驱动程序，设备的注册都在 Board_sam9260ek_.c文件中。

结构体原型：

/* Ethernet (EMAC & MACB) */

struct at91_eth_data {

u32phy_mask;
u8 phy_irq_pin;/* PHY IRQ */
u8 is_rmii;/* using RMII interface? */
};

注册为中断引脚为AT91_PIN_PA7，MII模式

/* MACB Ethernet device*/
static struct at91_eth_data __initdata ek_macb_data = {
.phy_irq_pin = AT91_PIN_PA7,
.is_rmii = 1,
};

添加设备

/* Ethernet */
at91_add_device_eth(&ek_macb_data);

static struct platform_device at91sam9260_eth_device = {
.name = "macb",
.id = -1,
.dev = {
.dma_mask = &eth_dmamask,
.coherent_dma_mask= DMA_BIT_MASK(32),
.platform_data= &eth_data,
},
.resource = eth_resources,
.num_resources= ARRAY_SIZE(eth_resources),
};

void __init at91_add_device_eth(struct at91_eth_data *data)
{
if (!data)
return;

if (data->phy_irq_pin) {
at91_set_gpio_input(data->phy_irq_pin, 0);
at91_set_deglitch(data->phy_irq_pin, 1);
}

/* Pins used for MII and RMII */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA19, 0);/* ETXCK_EREFCK */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA17, 0);/* ERXDV */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA14, 0);/* ERX0 */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA15, 0);/* ERX1 */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA18, 0);/* ERXER */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA16, 0);/* ETXEN */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA12, 0);/* ETX0 */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA13, 0);/* ETX1 */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA21, 0);/* EMDIO */
at91_set_A_periph(AT91_PIN_PA20, 0);/* EMDC */

if (!data->is_rmii) {
at91_set_B_periph(AT91_PIN_PA28, 0);/* ECRS */
at91_set_B_periph(AT91_PIN_PA29, 0);/* ECOL */
at91_set_B_periph(AT91_PIN_PA25, 0);/* ERX2 */
at91_set_B_periph(AT91_PIN_PA26, 0);/* ERX3 */
at91_set_B_periph(AT91_PIN_PA27, 0);/* ERXCK */
at91_set_B_periph(AT91_PIN_PA23, 0);/* ETX2 */
at91_set_B_periph(AT91_PIN_PA24, 0);/* ETX3 */
at91_set_B_periph(AT91_PIN_PA22, 0);/* ETXER */
}

eth_data = *data;
platform_device_register(&at91sam9260_eth_device);

}

可以发现注册的为platform总线上的设备

在内核启动后可在 sys/bus/platform/devices中找到macb、除此之外，你也可以发现注册在platform总线上的nandflash、uart、spi、i2c等设备

[@SD9260: /]# cd sys/
[@SD9260: /sys]# ls
block     class     devices   fs        module
bus       dev       firmware  kernel    power
[@SD9260: /sys]# clear
[@SD9260: /sys]# ls
block     class     devices   fs        module
bus       dev       firmware  kernel    power
[@SD9260: /sys]# cd bus/
[@SD9260: bus]# ls
i2c       mmc       scsi      serio     usb
mdio_bus  platform  sdio      spi
[@SD9260: bus]# cd platform/
[@SD9260: platform]# ls
devices            drivers_autoprobe  uevent
drivers            drivers_probe
[@SD9260: platform]# cd devices/
[@SD9260: devices]# ls
at91_mci       atmel_nand     atmel_usart.1  atmel_usart.5  macb
at91_ohci      atmel_spi.0    atmel_usart.2  atmel_usart.6  ssc.0
at91_rtt.0     atmel_spi.1    atmel_usart.3  i2c-gpio
at91_udc       atmel_usart.0  atmel_usart.4  leds-gpio
[@SD9260: devices]# cd macb/
[@SD9260: macb]# ls
bus        driver     modalias   net:eth0   power      subsystem  uevent

对应引脚连接到DP83848以太网控制芯片，0用的是MII模式 百兆网口芯片，这样就网卡芯片驱动就起来了。

但是在网卡使用的过程中是如何判断网卡的状态的呢？

Linux内核通过读取网卡内置芯片中的寄存器来判断网卡的工作状态。下面来说明网卡link up过程。

地址为0x00 的寄存器的各位功能如下：

Table 6-9. Basic Mode Control Register (BMCR), address 0x00

Bit	Bit Name	Default	Description
15	Reset	0, RW/SC	Reset: 1 = Initiate software Reset / Reset in Process. 0 = Normal operation. This bit, which is self-clearing, returns a value of one until the reset process is complete. The configuration is re-strapped.
14	Loopback	0, RW	Loopback: 1 = Loopback enabled. 0 = Normal operation. The loopback function enables MII transmit data to be routed to the MII receive data path. Setting this bit may cause the descrambler to lose synchronization and produce a 500 µs “dead time” before any valid data will appear at the MII receive outputs.
13	Speed Selection	RW	Speed Select: When auto-negotiation is disabled writing to this bit allows the port speed to be selected. 1 = 100 Mb/s. 0 = 10 Mb/s.
12	Auto-Negotiation Enable	RW	Auto-Negotiation Enable: Strap controls initial value at reset. 1 = Auto-Negotiation Enabled - bits 8 and 13 of this register are ignored when this bit is set. 0 = Auto-Negotiation Disabled - bits 8 and 13 determine the port speed and duplex mode.
11	Power Down	0, RW	Power Down: 1 = Power down. 0 = Normal operation. Setting this bit powers down the PHY. Only the register block is enabled during a power-down condition.
10	Isolate	0, RW	Isolate: 1 = Isolates the Port from the MII with the exception of the serial management. 0 = Normal operation.
9	Restart Auto Negotiation	0, RW/SC	Restart Auto-Negotiation: 1 = Restart Auto-Negotiation. Re-initiates the Auto-Negotiation process. If Auto-Negotiation is disabled (bit 12 = 0), this bit is ignored. This bit is self-clearing and will return a value of 1 until Auto-Negotiation is initiated, whereupon it will self-clear. Operation of the Auto-Negotiation process is not affected by the management entity clearing this bit. 0 = Normal operation.
8	Duplex Mode	RW	Duplex Mode: When auto-negotiation is disabled writing to this bit allows the port Duplex capability to be selected. 1 = Full Duplex operation. 0 = Half Duplex operation.

Bit	Bit Name	Default	Description
7	Collision Test	0, RW	Collision Test: 1 = Collision test enabled. 0 = Normal operation. When set, this bit will cause the COL signal to be asserted in response to the assertion of TX_EN within 512-bit times. The COL signal will be deasserted within 4-bit times in response to the deassertion of TX_EN.
6:0	RESERVED	0, RO	RESERVED: Write ignored, read as 0

关于以太网芯片寄存器的详细描述可参考该博客 http://blog.csdn.net/subfate/article/details/44958597
Linux中通过程序来读取寄存器当前的值：源代码如下：

#include 
    
    
     
     
#include 
     
     
      
      
#include 
      
      
       
       
#include 
       
       
        
        
#include 
        
        
          #include 
         
           #include 
          
            #include 
           
             #include 
            
              #include 
             
               #include 
              
                #define reteck(ret) \ if(ret < 0){ \ printf("%m! \"%s\" : line: %d\n", __func__, __LINE__); \ goto lab; \ } #define help() \ printf("mdio:\n"); \ printf("read operation: mdio reg_addr\n"); \ printf("write operation: mdio reg_addr value\n"); \ printf("For example:\n"); \ printf("mdio eth0 1\n"); \ printf("mdio eth0 0 0x12\n\n"); \ exit(0); int sockfd; int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ if(argc == 1 || !strcmp(argv[1], "-h")){ help(); } struct mii_ioctl_data *mii = NULL; struct ifreq ifr; int ret; memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr)); strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, argv[1], IFNAMSIZ - 1); sockfd = socket(PF_LOCAL, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); reteck(sockfd); //get phy address in smi bus ret = ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGMIIPHY, &ifr); reteck(ret); mii = (struct mii_ioctl_data*)&ifr.ifr_data; if(argc == 3){ mii->reg_num = (uint16_t)strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0); ret = ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGMIIREG, &ifr); reteck(ret); printf("read phy addr: 0x%x reg: 0x%x value : 0x%x\n\n", mii->phy_id, mii->reg_num, mii->val_out); }else if(argc == 4){ mii->reg_num = (uint16_t)strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0); mii->val_in = (uint16_t)strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 0); ret = ioctl(sockfd, SIOCSMIIREG, &ifr); reteck(ret); printf("write phy addr: 0x%x reg: 0x%x value : 0x%x\n\n", mii->phy_id, mii->reg_num, mii->val_in); } lab: close(sockfd); return 0; } 
               
              
             
            
           
          
        
       
       
      
      
     
     
    
    

通过对PHY层 的寄存器来判断网卡的工作状态。

./phy eth0 0x1

./phy eth0 0x1 0x7849  将0x7849写入寄存器1

以上就是我对AT91SAM9260网卡驱动以及DP83848网卡芯片的一些理解。