Docker学习笔记之Dockerfile的构建与编译

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-04 23:44:40 发布

coder_szc

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-04 23:44:40 发布

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分类专栏： docker 文章标签： docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37475168/article/details/105028678

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背景

Docker文件是用来构建docker镜像的文件，由一系列命令和参数构成。

方法概述

使用三步骤：编写docker文件、构建镜像、运行容器

关键字字母必须大写，后面必须有一个空格，以及至少一个参数。每条指令都会创建一个新的镜像层，并对镜像层进行提交。

dockerfile是docker镜像的原材料，docker容器是运行着的镜像

注意，以下dockerfile中，#后面均为注释，编译时需要去掉所有注释

例子

自定义centos的dockerfile

from centos  # 指定此dockerfile是基于哪个镜像的，至少基于scratch
 

ENV mypath /tmp  # 定义环境变量


WORKDIR $mypath  # 定义工作目录


RUN yum -y install vim  # 执行命令
RUN yum -y install net-tools


EXPOSE 80  # 暴露端口号


CMD /bin/bash  # 执行最终命令，也可以使用json字符串的形式，比如CMD ["/bin/bash"]

然后编译，-f指定dockerfile，-t指定新的镜像名，.表示当前路径

$ docker build -f my_centos_dockerfile -t szc_centos .

输出如下

Sending build context to Docker daemon  4.096kB
Step 1/7 : from centos
---> 470671670cac
Step 2/7 : ENV mypath /tmp
---> Running in eaa3d946fbb4
Removing intermediate container eaa3d946fbb4
---> 8157d08e287e
Step 3/7 : WORKDIR $mypath
---> Running in 682be0d895ae
Removing intermediate container 682be0d895ae
---> c014d4c29e27
Step 4/7 : RUN yum -y install vim
---> Running in f532a2aae2c9
CentOS-8 - AppStream                            1.5 MB/s | 6.5 MB     00:04
CentOS-8 - Base                                 294 kB/s | 5.0 MB     00:17
CentOS-8 - Extras                               2.0 kB/s | 2.1 kB     00:01
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package             Arch        Version                   Repository      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
vim-enhanced        x86_64      2:8.0.1763-13.el8         AppStream      1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
gpm-libs            x86_64      1.20.7-15.el8             AppStream       39 k
vim-common          x86_64      2:8.0.1763-13.el8         AppStream      6.3 M
vim-filesystem      noarch      2:8.0.1763-13.el8         AppStream       48 k
which               x86_64      2.21-10.el8               BaseOS          49 k


Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  5 Packages


Total download size: 7.8 M
Installed size: 31 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm        198 kB/s |  39 kB     00:00
(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch.rp 868 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00
(3/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm  970 kB/s | 1.4 MB     00:01
(4/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm    1.7 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:03
(5/5): which-2.21-10.el8.x86_64.rpm             6.5 kB/s |  49 kB     00:07
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           908 kB/s | 7.8 MB     00:08
warning: /var/cache/dnf/AppStream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS-8 - AppStream                            1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1
  Installing       : which-2.21-10.el8.x86_64                               1/5
  Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch                2/5
  Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                    3/5
  Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          4/5
  Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          4/5
  Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                  5/5
  Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                  5/5
  Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                    5/5
  Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          1/5
  Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                    2/5
  Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64                  3/5
  Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch                4/5
  Verifying        : which-2.21-10.el8.x86_64                               5/5


Installed:
  vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64
  vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64   vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch
  which-2.21-10.el8.x86_64


Complete!
Removing intermediate container f532a2aae2c9
---> e7e3f6dfc31b
Step 5/7 : RUN yum -y install net-tools
---> Running in 3fdcf50a41b2
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:15 ago on Sun Mar  8 08:33:26 2020.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package         Architecture Version                        Repository    Size
================================================================================
Installing:
net-tools       x86_64       2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8       BaseOS       323 k


Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package


Total download size: 323 k
Installed size: 1.0 M
Downloading Packages:
net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm    83 kB/s | 323 kB     00:03
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                            61 kB/s | 323 kB     00:05
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1
  Installing       : net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1
  Running scriptlet: net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1
  Verifying        : net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1


Installed:
  net-tools-2.0-0.51.20160912git.el8.x86_64


Complete!
Removing intermediate container 3fdcf50a41b2
---> 654c150a48f3
Step 6/7 : EXPOSE 80
---> Running in 7b15e7a16d5d
Removing intermediate container 7b15e7a16d5d
---> 86ff656eb4cb
Step 7/7 : CMD /bin/bash
---> Running in 89d9605dcbec
Removing intermediate container 89d9605dcbec
---> 57bd622f6cb2
Successfully built 57bd622f6cb2
Successfully tagged szc_centos:latest
SECURITY WARNING: You are building a Docker image from Windows against a non-Windows Docker host. All files and directories added to build context will have '-rwxr-xr-x' permissions. It is recommended to double check and reset permissions for sensitive files and directories.

构建完成，然后运行此镜像的一个容器

$ docker run -it szc_centos

[root@32a8169c4044 tmp]#

会发现默认路径就是我们在dockerfile里指定的工作目录/tmp，并且ifconfig、vim命令是可用的

[root@32a8169c4044 tmp]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.2  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 14  bytes 1116 (1.0 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0


lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@32a8169c4044 tmp]# vim test.txt
[root@32a8169c4044 tmp]#

我们也可以查看这个镜像的历史

$ docker images
                                                                                                         REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
szc_centos           latest              57bd622f6cb2        5 minutes ago       327MB
...

$ docker history 57bd622f6cb2

IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
57bd622f6cb2        6 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin…   0B
86ff656eb4cb        6 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B
654c150a48f3        6 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools             26.5MB
e7e3f6dfc31b        6 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim                   63.2MB
c014d4c29e27        6 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /tmp                  0B
8157d08e287e        6 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV mypath=/tmp              0B
470671670cac        7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B
<missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B
<missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:aa54047c80ba30064…   237MB

CMD与ENDTRYPOINT

CMD：dockerfile中可以有多个CMD指令，但只有最后一个生效，并且CMD会被docker run之后的参数替换

$ docker run -it -p 7777:8080 tomcat ls -l

total 156
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19318 Feb  5 22:30 BUILDING.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  5408 Feb  5 22:30 CONTRIBUTING.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57011 Feb  5 22:30 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1726 Feb  5 22:30 NOTICE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3255 Feb  5 22:30 README.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  7136 Feb  5 22:30 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16262 Feb  5 22:30 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Feb 27 07:56 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Feb  5 22:30 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Feb 27 07:56 include
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Feb 27 07:56 lib
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root  4096 Feb  5 22:26 logs
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  4096 Feb 27 07:56 native-jni-lib
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root  4096 Feb 27 07:56 temp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Feb 27 07:56 webapps
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root  4096 Feb  5 22:28 webapps.dist
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root  4096 Feb  5 22:26 work

所以上面的命令根本没有启动tomcat，只是列出了tomcat根目录下的文件

ENTRYPOINT:docker run之后的参数会被传递给ENTRYPOINT指令，形成新的指令组合

例如，以下是用ENTRYPOINT访问http://ip.cn的dockerfile

FROM centos


RUN yum install -y curl


ENTRYPOINT ["curl", "-s", "http://ip.cn"]

而后编译

$ docker build -f myip_docker  -t myip .

Sending build context to Docker daemon  6.144kB
Step 1/3 : FROM centos
---> 470671670cac
Step 2/3 : RUN yum install -y curl
---> Running in 1b3f6d832cfc
CentOS-8 - AppStream                            807 kB/s | 6.5 MB     00:08
CentOS-8 - Base                                 161 kB/s | 5.0 MB     00:31
CentOS-8 - Extras                               734  B/s | 2.1 kB     00:02
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Sun Mar  8 09:00:19 2020.
Package curl-7.61.1-11.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
Removing intermediate container 1b3f6d832cfc
---> e1fe1b0a21a5
Step 3/3 : ENTRYPOINT ["curl", "-s", "http://ip.cn"]
---> Running in b6dbd548d2f0
Removing intermediate container b6dbd548d2f0
---> d144c16678cd
Successfully built d144c16678cd
Successfully tagged myip:latest
SECURITY WARNING: You are building a Docker image from Windows against a non-Windows Docker host. All files and directories added to build context will have '-rwxr-xr-x' permissions. It is recommended to double check and reset permissions for sensitive files and directories.

运行myip容器时可以加上新的选项，来传给dockerfile里的curl命令

$ docker run -it myip -i

HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Date: Sun, 08 Mar 2020 09:01:12 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Set-Cookie: __cfduid=d1143a1df005fa16e02870ec8c10c51811583658072; expires=Tue, 07-Apr-20 09:01:12 GMT; path=/; domain=.ip.cn; HttpOnly; SameSite=Lax; Secure
Cache-Control: max-age=15
Expires: Sun, 08 Mar 2020 09:01:27 GMT
Alt-Svc: h3-27=":443"; ma=86400, h3-25=":443"; ma=86400, h3-24=":443"; ma=86400, h3-23=":443"; ma=86400
Server: cloudflare
CF-RAY: 570b5ec859dfd93a-HKG

error code: 1020

ONBUILD案例

ONBUILD关键字用来指定当此dockerfile被引用时执行的命令。

以下是案例：先构建myip_docker

FROM centos


RUN yum install -y curl


ENTRYPOINT ["curl", "-s", "https://www.uestc.edu.cn/"]


ONBUILD RUN echo "Father image onbuild finished.."

然后构建镜像

$ docker build -f myip_docker  -t myip .

再编写mydocker_son，引用镜像myip

FROM myip


RUN yum install -y curl


CMD ["curl", "-s", "http://www.baidu.com"]

使用此文件构建镜像时，myip的dockerfile中的ONBUILD语句就会执行

$ docker build -f myip_son  -t myip_son .

...
Father image onbuild finished..
...
Successfully built 770b567e828f
Successfully tagged myip_son:latest
...

自定义tomcat

dockerfile内容如下，编译此文件需要其所在目录下有c.txt、jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz和apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz三个文件

FROM centos
MAINTAINER songzeceng


COPY c.txt /usr/local/c_s.txt  # 把文件复制到镜像指定文件中


ADD jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/  # 把压缩包解压后复制到镜像指定目录中
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz /usr/local/


RUN yum -y install vim


ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH


ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_171
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8
ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin


EXPOSE 8080


CMD $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh && tail -F $CATALINA_HOME/bin/logs/logs.txt  # 输出日志

而后编译

$ docker build -f my_tomcat_docker -t szc_tomcat .

最后运行

$ docker run -d -p 9080:8080 --name szc_tomcat_00 -v /c/Users/songzeceng/tomcat/out:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8/webapps/test -v /c/Users/songzeceng.tomcat/logs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8/logs --privileged=true szc_tomcat

-d表示后台运行容器，然后指定端口映射、容器名字，以及两个数据卷，最后--privileged=true确保容器可写

coder_szc

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Docker学习笔记之Dockerfile的构建与编译

背景Docker文件是用来构建docker镜像的文件，由一系列命令和参数构成。方法概述使用三步骤：编写docker文件、构建镜像、运行容器关键字字母必须大写，后面必须有一个空格，以及至少一个参数。每条指令都会创建一个新的镜像层，并对镜像层进行提交。dockerfile是docker镜像的原材料，docker容器是运行着的镜像例子自定义centos的dockerfile...
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