类变量(Class Variables)和实例变量(Instance Variables)

类变量(Class Variables)和实例变量(Instance Variables)

1.来自于Python官网教程的示例

class Dog:

    kind = 'canine'         # class variable shared by all instances,类变量被所有的实例共享

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name    # instance variable unique to each instance,对每个实例对象来说实例变量是独一无二的

>>> d = Dog('Fido')
>>> e = Dog('Buddy')
>>> d.kind                  # shared by all dogs
'canine'
>>> e.kind                  # shared by all dogs
'canine'
>>> d.name                  # unique to d
'Fido'
>>> e.name                  # unique to e
'Buddy'

2.Correct design of the class should use an instance variable instead(类的正确设计应该使用实例变量）

class Dog:

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        self.tricks = []    # creates a new empty list for each dog

    def add_trick(self, trick):
        self.tricks.append(trick)

>>> d = Dog('Fido')
>>> e = Dog('Buddy')
>>> d.add_trick('roll over')
>>> e.add_trick('play dead')
>>> d.tricks
['roll over']
>>> e.tricks
['play dead']