Android 四大组件之Service详解

Android 四大组件之Service详解

• 定义：服务，是Android四大组件之一， 属于 计算型组件
• 作用：提供 需在后台长期运行的服务
• 特点：无用户界面、在后台运行、生命周期长
• 与activity区别:无ui，完全运行在后台，用户不可见，但是都运行在主线程

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Service的两种启动方式

1. 通过StartService启动Service
这个比较简单，通过startService(service)启动，类似于activity跳转，启动后service不受activity管控，只能通过stopService停止服务

1. 编写service类，继承Service，注意还要在清单文件中注册该service

public class TestOneService extends Service{

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        Log.i("Kathy","onCreate - Thread ID = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i("Kathy", "onStartCommand - startId = " + startId + ", Thread ID = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i("Kathy", "onBind - Thread ID = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.i("Kathy", "onDestroy - Thread ID = " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

2.在activity中

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Intent intentOne = new Intent(this, TestOneService.class);
        startService(intentOne);


    }
}

2. 通过bindService启动Service
用bindService()启动的方式将activity和service绑定在一起，activity通过Binder类可以操控service，实现service与activity同生死共存亡
用法:
1. 创建service并重写onBind方法，需要返回一个binder类，该类需要实现IBinder自由实现

public class TestTwoService extends Service{

    //client 可以通过Binder获取Service实例
    public class MyBinder extends Binder {
        public TestTwoService getService() {
            return TestTwoService.this;
        }
    }

    //通过binder实现调用者client与Service之间的通信
    private MyBinder binder = new MyBinder();

    private final Random generator = new Random();

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        Log.i("Kathy","TestTwoService - onCreate - Thread = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i("Kathy", "TestTwoService - onStartCommand - startId = " + startId + ", Thread = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        return START_NOT_STICKY;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i("Kathy", "TestTwoService - onBind - Thread = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        return binder;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        Log.i("Kathy", "TestTwoService - onUnbind - from = " + intent.getStringExtra("from"));
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.i("Kathy", "TestTwoService - onDestroy - Thread = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    //getRandomNumber是Service暴露出去供client调用的公共方法
    public int getRandomNumber() {
        return generator.nextInt();
    }
}

1. activity中

public class ActivityB extends Activity implements Button.OnClickListener {

    private TestTwoService service = null;

    private boolean isBind = false;

    private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
            isBind = true;
            TestTwoService.MyBinder myBinder = (TestTwoService.MyBinder)binder;
            service = myBinder.getService();
            Log.i("Kathy", "ActivityB - onServiceConnected");
            int num = service.getRandomNumber();
            Log.i("Kathy", "ActivityB - getRandomNumber = " + num);
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            isBind = false;
            Log.i("Kathy", "ActivityB - onServiceDisconnected");
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_b);

        Intent intent = new Intent(this, TestTwoService.class);
        bindService(intent, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

        @Override
    public void onDestroy(){
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i("Kathy", "ActivityB - onDestroy");
    }
}