【微服务架构 - 08 - Spring Cloud】04 创建服务消费者（Ribbon)

概述

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在微服务架构中，业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务，服务与服务的通讯是基于 http restful 的。Spring Cloud 有两种服务调用方式，一种是 ribbon + restTemplate，另一种是 feign。

Ribbon 简介

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Ribbon 是一个负载均衡客户端，可以很好的控制 http 和 top 的一些行为。

准备工作

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• 启动服务提供者 hello-spring-cloud-service-admin，端口号为：8762
• 修改配置文件的端口号为：8763，启动后在 Eureka 中会注册两个实例，这相当于一个小集群

创建服务消费者

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创建一个工程名为 hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon 的服务消费者项目，
pom.xml 配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yuu</groupId>
        <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon</name>
    <inceptionYear>2019-Now</inceptionYear>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot End -->

        <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Cloud End -->

        <!-- 解决 thymeleaf 模板引擎一定要执行严格的 html5 格式校验问题 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sourceforge.nekohtml</groupId>
            <artifactId>nekohtml</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.yuu.hello.spring.cloud.web.admin.ribbon.WebAdminRibbonApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

主要是增加了 Ribbon 的依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>

Application

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通过 @EnableDiscoveryClient 注解注册到服务中心

package com.yuu.hello.spring.cloud.service.admin;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

/**
 * @Classname ServiceAdminApplication
 * @Date 2019/1/28 22:50
 * @Created by Yuu
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServiceAdminApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceAdminApplication.class, args);
    }
}

application.yml

设置程序端口号为：8764

spring:
  application:
    name: hello-spring-cloud-service-admin

server:
  port: 8763
eureka:
  client:
    servcieUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

Configuration

配置注入 RestTemplate 的 Bean，并通过 @LoadBalanced 注解表明开启负载均衡功能

package com.yuu.hello.spring.cloud.web.admin.ribbon.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @Classname RestTemplateConfiguration
 * @Date 2019/1/29 0:08
 * @Created by Yuu
 */
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfiguration {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

创建测试用的 Service

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在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的 URL 地址，在 Ribbon 中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例，根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的 URL 替换掉服务名，代码如下：

package com.yuu.hello.spring.cloud.web.admin.ribbon.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @Classname AdminService
 * @Date 2019/1/29 0:09
 * @Created by Yuu
 */
@Service
public class AdminService {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    public String sayHi(String message) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://HELLO-SPRING-CLOUD-SERVICE-ADMIN/hi?message=" + message, String.class);
    }
}

创建测试用的 Controller

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package com.yuu.hello.spring.cloud.web.admin.ribbon.controller;

import com.yuu.hello.spring.cloud.web.admin.ribbon.service.AdminService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Classname AdminController
 * @Date 2019/1/29 0:14
 * @Created by Yuu
 */
@RestController
public class AdminController {

    @Autowired
    private AdminService adminService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "hi", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String sayHi(@RequestParam(value = "message") String message) {
        return adminService.sayHi(message);
    }
}

测是访问

在浏览器上多次访问 http://localhost:8764/hi?message=HelloSpringCloud

浏览器交替显示：

附

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在 IDEA 中配置一个工程启动多个实例

步骤一

点击 Run -> Edit Configurations...

步骤二

选择需要启动多实例的项目并勾选 Allow running in parallel

步骤三

通过修改 application.yml 配置文件的 server.port 的端口，启动多个实例，需要多个端口，分别进行启动即可。