1:with one variable
在只有单一变量的情况下使用线性回归方法来预测下一次房价,根据题目要求要完成一下两个函数:
J = computeCost(X, y, theta);其中X是输入的训练样本的矩阵,each row 代表的是一个训练样本的不同特征,each column代表的是针对该特征所有样本的该特征值。y是训练样本对应的标签(即结果)列向量。theta是在线性回归中假设函数的方程参数列向量,即y = X*theat。用来计算X,y,theta对应的代价函数。
[theta, J_history] = gradientDescent(X, y, theta, alpha, num_iters);其中X,y,theta和上面解释的一致,alpha是学习率在上一次笔记中对其经行过解释,合适的学习率有利于学习算法的收敛和迭代速度。num_iters是设置的迭代次数。梯度下降法函数,通过梯度下降法来不断的更新theta来是J按照最快的速度下降,收敛到局部最小值。
function [theta, J_history] = gradientDescent(X, y, theta, alpha, num_iters)
%GRADIENTDESCENT Performs gradient descent to learn theta
% theta = GRADIENTDESCENT(X, y, theta, alpha, num_iters) updates theta by
% taking num_iters gradient steps with learning rate alpha
% Initialize some useful values
m = length(y); % number of training examples
J_history = zeros(num_iters, 1);
for iter = 1:num_iters
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Perform a single gradient step on the parameter vector
% theta.
%
% Hint: While debugging, it can be useful to print out the values
% of the cost function (computeCost) and gradient here.
%
A = (X*theta - y)';
B = (A*X)';
theta = theta - alpha/m*(B);
% ============================================================
% Save the cost J in every iteration
J_history(iter) = computeCost(X, y, theta);
end
end
function J = computeCost(X, y, theta)
%COMPUTECOST Compute cost for linear regression
% J = COMPUTECOST(X, y, theta) computes the cost of using theta as the
% parameter for linear regression to fit the data points in X and y
% Initialize some useful values
m = length(y); % number of training examples
% You need to return the following variables correctly
J = 0;
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Compute the cost of a particular choice of theta
% You should set J to the cost.
A = (X*theta-y).^2(:);
J = sum(A)/(2*m);
% =========================================================================
end
上面是两个函数对应的程序。