首先,我们来看看this关键字这个神奇的关键字:
1.我们都知道利用this关键字在构造方法中对成员进行初始化:
private String Name;
private int Age;
private String Sex;
public first_one(String Name,int Age,String Sex) {
this.Age=Age;
this.Name=Name;
this.Sex=Sex;
}
这是一种很常见的初始化方法。
下面介绍另一种this关键字的应用:
2.在构造器中调用构造器
可能为一个类写了多个构造器,有时可能想在一个构造器中调用另一个构造器,以避免重复代码。则可用this做到这一点。
贴出《Thingking in java》源代码(由于BZ未实现该书中的Print方法,故用..println方法来代替,实现打印):
//:initialization/Flower.java
//Calling constructor with "this"
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class Flower{
int petalCount=0;
String s="initial value";
Flower(int petals){
petalCount=petals;
print("Constructor w/ int arg only,petalCount="+petalCount);
}
Flower(String ss){
print("Constructor w/ String arg only,s= "+ss);
s=ss;
}
Flower(String s,int petals){
this(petals);
//! this(s);//Can't call two!
this.s=s;
print("String & int args");
}
Flower(){
this("hi",47);
print("default constructor (no args)");
}
void printPetalCount() {
//! this(11);//Not inside non-constructor!
print("petalCount= "+petalCount+" s= "+s);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Flower x=new Flower();
x.printPetalCount();
}
运行结果:
/*
Constructor w/ int arg only,petalCount=47
String & int args
default constructor (no args)
petalCount= 47 s= hi
*/
其次,我们介绍构造器的初始化:
构造器的初始化顺序:
在类的内部,变量定义的先后顺序决定了初始化的顺序,贴出代码:
//initialization/OrderOfInitialization.java
//Demonstrates initialization order
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
//When the constructor is called to create a Window object,you'll see a message:
class Window{
Window(int marker){
print("Window("+marker+")");
}
class House{
Window w1=new Window(1);//Before constructor
House(){
//Show that we're in the constructor:
print("House()");
w3=new Window(33);//Reinitialize w3
}
Window w2=new Window(2);//After constructor
void f() {
print("f()");
}
Window w3=new Window(3);//At end
}
public class OrderOfInitialization{
public static void main(String[] args) {
House h=new House();
h.f();//Show that constructor is done
}
}
执行结果:
/*
Window(1)
Window(2)
Window(3)
House()
Window(33)
f()
*/
注:我在编译的时候,当main方法中的static不去掉时就会报错,但是不知道什么原因,要是哪位友友知道希望能告诉我为啥,谢谢~