stringstream类型转换

c++标准库中的 < sstream >提供了类型转化的功能.
<sstream>中定义了三个类: 
                       1. istringstream   流输入
                       2. ostringstream  流输出
                       3. stringstream    流输入输出
在类型转换时使用<sstream>类可以很好地解决.


在算法竞赛中常用的模板:
1. 将字符串转化为int, long long, float, double

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 1005;
typedef long long ll;
int Int[MAXN];
ll LL[MAXN];
double Double[MAXN];

int ChangeType(string s, int flag)  //0转化为int, 1转化为ll, 2转化为double
{
    // s1 = "123,1221,1222" int转化
    // s2 = "123123,1232341,21312" ll转化
    // s3 = "1231.123,12341.1231,1321.00" double转化

    for(int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
        if(s[i] == ',') s[i] = ' ';

    istringstream iss(s); //将字符串存入输入流, c/c++的标准格式
    stringstream ss;      //中间转化
    string tmp;

    int idx = 0;
    while(iss>>tmp)     //输入流中的内容放进tmp然后通过stringstream实现类型转化
    {
        ss.clear();     //每次清空stringstream的内容
        ss<<tmp;
        if(flag == 0) ss>>Int[idx++];
        else if(flag == 1) ss>>LL[idx++];
        else if(flag == 2) ss>>Double[idx++];
    }
    return idx; //返回长度
}
int main()
{
    string s1 = "123,1221,1222";
    string s2 = "123123,1232341,21312";
    string s3 = "1231.123,12341.1231,1321.00";
    int len1 = ChangeType(s1, 0);
    int len2 = ChangeType(s2, 1);
    int len3 = ChangeType(s3, 2);
    cout << "---------int"<<endl;
    for(int i = 0; i < len1; ++i)
        cout << Int[i] <<endl;
    cout << "---------ll"<<endl;
    for(int i = 0; i < len2; ++i)
        cout << LL[i] <<endl;
    cout << "---------double"<<endl;
    for(int i = 0; i < len3; ++i)
        cout << Double[i] <<endl;
}

2.其他类型转化为string

void to_string(string &s, Type t) //Type为类型
{
    ostringstream oss;
    oss<<t;
    s = oss.str();      //转化成字符串写入string中
}