抢购、秒杀是如今很常见的一个应用场景,主要需要解决的问题有两个:
1 高并发对数据库产生的压力
2 竞争状态下如何解决库存的正确减少("超卖"问题)
对于第一个问题,已经很容易想到用缓存来处理抢购,避免直接操作数据库,例如使用Redis。
重点在于第二个问题
常规写法:
查询出对应商品的库存,看是否大于0,然后执行生成订单等操作,但是在判断库存是否大于0处,如果在高并发下就会有问题,导致库存量出现负数
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<?php
$conn
=mysql_connect(
"localhost"
,
"big"
,
"123456"
);
if
(!
$conn
){
echo
"connect failed"
;
exit
;
}
mysql_select_db(
"big"
,
$conn
);
mysql_query(
"set names utf8"
);
$price
=10;
$user_id
=1;
$goods_id
=1;
$sku_id
=11;
$number
=1;
//生成唯一订单
function
build_order_no(){
return
date
(
'ymd'
).
substr
(implode(NULL,
array_map
(
'ord'
,
str_split
(
substr
(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//记录日志
function
insertLog(
$event
,
$type
=0){
global
$conn
;
$sql
="insert into ih_log(event,type)
values(
'$event'
,
'$type'
)";
mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
}
//模拟下单操作
//库存是否大于0
$sql
=
"select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'"
;
//解锁 此时ih_store数据中goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' 的数据被锁住(注3),其它事务必须等待此次事务 提交后才能执行
$rs
=mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
$row
=mysql_fetch_assoc(
$rs
);
if
(
$row
[
'number'
]>0){
//高并发下会导致超卖
$order_sn
=build_order_no();
//生成订单
$sql
="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values(
'$order_sn'
,
'$user_id'
,
'$goods_id'
,
'$sku_id'
,
'$price'
)";
$order_rs
=mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
//库存减少
$sql
=
"update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'"
;
$store_rs
=mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
if
(mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog(
'库存减少成功'
);
}
else
{
insertLog(
'库存减少失败'
);
}
}
else
{
insertLog(
'库存不够'
);
}
?>
|
优化方案1:将库存字段number字段设为unsigned,当库存为0时,因为字段不能为负数,将会返回false
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//库存减少
$sql
=
"update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id' and number>0"
;
$store_rs
=mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
if
(mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog(
'库存减少成功'
);
}
|
优化方案2:使用MySQL的事务,锁住操作的行
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<?php
$conn
=mysql_connect(
"localhost"
,
"big"
,
"123456"
);
if
(!
$conn
){
echo
"connect failed"
;
exit
;
}
mysql_select_db(
"big"
,
$conn
);
mysql_query(
"set names utf8"
);
$price
=10;
$user_id
=1;
$goods_id
=1;
$sku_id
=11;
$number
=1;
//生成唯一订单号
function
build_order_no(){
return
date
(
'ymd'
).
substr
(implode(NULL,
array_map
(
'ord'
,
str_split
(
substr
(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//记录日志
function
insertLog(
$event
,
$type
=0){
global
$conn
;
$sql
="insert into ih_log(event,type)
values(
'$event'
,
'$type'
)";
mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
}
//模拟下单操作
//库存是否大于0
mysql_query(
"BEGIN"
);
//开始事务
$sql
=
"select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id' FOR UPDATE"
;
//此时这条记录被锁住,其它事务必须等待此次事务提交后才能执行
$rs
=mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
$row
=mysql_fetch_assoc(
$rs
);
if
(
$row
[
'number'
]>0){
//生成订单
$order_sn
=build_order_no();
$sql
="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values(
'$order_sn'
,
'$user_id'
,
'$goods_id'
,
'$sku_id'
,
'$price'
)";
$order_rs
=mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
//库存减少
$sql
=
"update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'"
;
$store_rs
=mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
if
(mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog(
'库存减少成功'
);
mysql_query(
"COMMIT"
);
//事务提交即解锁
}
else
{
insertLog(
'库存减少失败'
);
}
}
else
{
insertLog(
'库存不够'
);
mysql_query(
"ROLLBACK"
);
}
?>
|
优化方案3:使用非阻塞的文件排他锁
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|
<?php
$conn
=mysql_connect(
"localhost"
,
"root"
,
"123456"
);
if
(!
$conn
){
echo
"connect failed"
;
exit
;
}
mysql_select_db(
"big-bak"
,
$conn
);
mysql_query(
"set names utf8"
);
$price
=10;
$user_id
=1;
$goods_id
=1;
$sku_id
=11;
$number
=1;
//生成唯一订单号
function
build_order_no(){
return
date
(
'ymd'
).
substr
(implode(NULL,
array_map
(
'ord'
,
str_split
(
substr
(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//记录日志
function
insertLog(
$event
,
$type
=0){
global
$conn
;
$sql
="insert into ih_log(event,type)
values(
'$event'
,
'$type'
)";
mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
}
$fp
=
fopen
(
"lock.txt"
,
"w+"
);
if
(!
flock
(
$fp
,LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)){
echo
"系统繁忙,请稍后再试"
;
return
;
}
//下单
$sql
=
"select number from ih_store where goods_id='$goods_id' and sku_id='$sku_id'"
;
$rs
=mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
$row
=mysql_fetch_assoc(
$rs
);
if
(
$row
[
'number'
]>0){
//库存是否大于0
//模拟下单操作
$order_sn
=build_order_no();
$sql
="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values(
'$order_sn'
,
'$user_id'
,
'$goods_id'
,
'$sku_id'
,
'$price'
)";
$order_rs
=mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
//库存减少
$sql
=
"update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'"
;
$store_rs
=mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
if
(mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog(
'库存减少成功'
);
flock
(
$fp
,LOCK_UN);
//释放锁
}
else
{
insertLog(
'库存减少失败'
);
}
}
else
{
insertLog(
'库存不够'
);
}
fclose(
$fp
);
|
优化方案4:使用redis队列,因为pop操作是原子的,即使有很多用户同时到达,也是依次执行,推荐使用(mysql事务在高并发下性能下降很厉害,文件锁的方式也是)
先将商品库存如队列
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<?php
$store
=1000;
$redis
=
new
Redis();
$result
=
$redis
->connect(
'127.0.0.1'
,6379);
$res
=
$redis
->llen(
'goods_store'
);
echo
$res
;
$count
=
$store
-
$res
;
for
(
$i
=0;
$i
<
$count
;
$i
++){
$redis
->lpush(
'goods_store'
,1);
}
echo
$redis
->llen(
'goods_store'
);
?>
|
抢购、描述逻辑
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<?php
$conn
=mysql_connect(
"localhost"
,
"big"
,
"123456"
);
if
(!
$conn
){
echo
"connect failed"
;
exit
;
}
mysql_select_db(
"big"
,
$conn
);
mysql_query(
"set names utf8"
);
$price
=10;
$user_id
=1;
$goods_id
=1;
$sku_id
=11;
$number
=1;
//生成唯一订单号
function
build_order_no(){
return
date
(
'ymd'
).
substr
(implode(NULL,
array_map
(
'ord'
,
str_split
(
substr
(uniqid(), 7, 13), 1))), 0, 8);
}
//记录日志
function
insertLog(
$event
,
$type
=0){
global
$conn
;
$sql
="insert into ih_log(event,type)
values(
'$event'
,
'$type'
)";
mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
}
//模拟下单操作
//下单前判断redis队列库存量
$redis
=
new
Redis();
$result
=
$redis
->connect(
'127.0.0.1'
,6379);
$count
=
$redis
->lpop(
'goods_store'
);
if
(!
$count
){
insertLog(
'error:no store redis'
);
return
;
}
//生成订单
$order_sn
=build_order_no();
$sql
="insert into ih_order(order_sn,user_id,goods_id,sku_id,price)
values(
'$order_sn'
,
'$user_id'
,
'$goods_id'
,
'$sku_id'
,
'$price'
)";
$order_rs
=mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
//库存减少
$sql
=
"update ih_store set number=number-{$number} where sku_id='$sku_id'"
;
$store_rs
=mysql_query(
$sql
,
$conn
);
if
(mysql_affected_rows()){
insertLog(
'库存减少成功'
);
}
else
{
insertLog(
'库存减少失败'
);
}
|
模拟5000高并发测试
webbench -c 5000 -t 60 http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php
ab -r -n 6000 -c 5000 http://192.168.1.198/big/index.php
上述只是简单模拟高并发下的抢购,真实场景要比这复杂很多,很多注意的地方
如抢购页面做成静态的,通过ajax调用接口
再如上面的会导致一个用户抢多个,思路:
需要一个排队队列和抢购结果队列及库存队列。高并发情况,先将用户进入排队队列,用一个线程循环处理从排队队列取出一个用户,判断用户是否已在抢购结果队列,如果在,则已抢购,否则未抢购,库存减1,写数据库,将用户入结果队列。
测试数据表
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--
-- 数据库: `big`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的结构 `ih_goods`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_goods` (
`goods_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`cat_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`goods_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`goods_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;
--
-- 转存表中的数据 `ih_goods`
--
INSERT INTO `ih_goods` (`goods_id`, `cat_id`, `goods_name`) VALUES
(1, 0,
'小米手机'
);
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的结构 `ih_log`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_log` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`event` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`type` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT
'0'
,
`addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
--
-- 转存表中的数据 `ih_log`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的结构 `ih_order`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_order` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`order_sn` char(32) NOT NULL,
`user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`status` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT
'0'
,
`goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT
'0'
,
`sku_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT
'0'
,
`price` float NOT NULL,
`addtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=
'订单表'
AUTO_INCREMENT=1 ;
--
-- 转存表中的数据 `ih_order`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- 表的结构 `ih_store`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `ih_store` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`goods_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`sku_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT
'0'
,
`number` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT
'0'
,
`freez` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT
'0'
COMMENT
'虚拟库存'
,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=
'库存'
AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;
--
-- 转存表中的数据 `ih_store`
--
INSERT INTO `ih_store` (`id`, `goods_id`, `sku_id`, `number`, `freez`) VALUES
(1, 1, 11, 500, 0);
|
以上就是小编为大家带来的php结合redis实现高并发下的抢购、秒杀功能的实例全部内容了,希望大家多多支持脚本之家~