Ubuntu安装python3

1.下载python安装包

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tar.xz

2.解压安装包

sudo xz -d Python-3.6.8.tar.xz
sudo tar -xvf Python-3.6.8.tar

3.安装

cd Python-3.6.8/
./configure --prefix=/opt/python3.6

4.编译

sudo make
sudo make install

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在编译过程中会遇到错误

zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available Makefile:1102: recipe for target 'install' failed ma...

原因是缺少相关依赖

进行apt-get install zlib安装发现安装不了，显示

E: Unable to locate package zlib

在之前以为是软件源没有更新，于是进入/etc/apt/sources.list 修改源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

然后进行 sudo apt-get update后发现还是无法解决问题。

后来发现在ubuntu软件源里zlib和zlib-devel叫做zlib1g zlib1g.dev

sudo apt-get install zlib1g
sudo apt-get install zlib1g.dev


apt-get install python3-dev

然后在Python-3.6.8/Modules/Setup中将

#zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz 

的注释去掉。并重新编译sudo make & make install。

5.更改软连接

ln -s /opt/python3.6/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /opt/python3.6/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3

在运行pip3时可能会出现

subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '('lsb_release', '-a')' returned non-zero exit status 1.

使用sudo rm /usr/bin/lsb_release即可。