准备阶段
A类和B类循环依赖
@Component
public class A {
@Autowired
private B b;
public A() {
}
public B getB() {
return b;
}
public void setB(B b) {
this.b = b;
}
}
@Component
public class B {
@Autowired
private A a;
public B(){}
public A getA() {
return a;
}
public void setA(A a) {
this.a = a;
}
}
@ComponentScan("spring.bean")
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建Spring容器
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Main.class);
A springBean = (A) applicationContext.getBean("a");
if (springBean == null) {
return;
}
System.out.println(springBean);
// Spring容器销毁
applicationContext.close();
}
}
调试阶段
1、创建Spring容器
// 创建Spring容器
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Main.class);
2、AnnotationConfigApplicationContext类的构造器刷新上下文
public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Class<?>... componentClasses) {
this();
register(componentClasses);
refresh();
}
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext的父类GenericApplicationContext构造器中
创建了DefaultListableBeanFactory实例
public GenericApplicationContext() {
this.beanFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
}
3、AbstractApplicationContext类的refresh()方法
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
StartupStep contextRefresh = this.applicationStartup.start("spring.context.refresh");
// 准备此上下文以进行刷新、设置其启动日期和活动标志以及执行任何属性源的初始化
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// 告诉子类刷新内部 bean 工厂。
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// 准备 bean 工厂以在此上下文中使用。
// 配置工厂的标准上下文特征，例如上下文的 ClassLoader 和后处理器。
// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// 允许在上下文子类中对 bean 工厂进行后处理
// 在此方法可以做一些回调操作，可以当作一个扩展功能
// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
StartupStep beanPostProcess = this.applicationStartup.start("spring.context.beans.post-process");
// 调用在上下文中注册为 bean 的工厂处理器。
// 执行BeanFactoryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanFactory方法
// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// 注册拦截 bean 创建的 bean 处理器(BeanPostProcessor)
// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
beanPostProcess.end();
// 初始化MessageSource（国际化）
// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();
// 为此上下文初始化事件多播器。
// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
onRefresh();
// 注册监听器
// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();
// 实例化所有剩余的（非惰性初始化）单例。（创建bean的重要方法）
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();
// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
contextRefresh.end();
}
}
}
4、finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory)方法初始化需要Spring管理的单例bean
refresh()中调用finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory)方法创建需要Spring管理的单例bean并放入Spring容器。
此时A类和B类未在容器里面。
protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
// Initialize conversion service for this context.
if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&
beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {
beanFactory.setConversionService(
beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));
}
// Register a default embedded value resolver if no BeanFactoryPostProcessor
// (such as a PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer bean) registered any before:
// at this point, primarily for resolution in annotation attribute values.
if (!beanFactory.hasEmbeddedValueResolver()) {
beanFactory.addEmbeddedValueResolver(strVal -> getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(strVal));
}
// Initialize LoadTimeWeaverAware beans early to allow for registering their transformers early.
String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);
for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) {
getBean(weaverAwareName);
}
// Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching.
beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null);
// Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes.
beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();
// DefaultListableBeanFactory调用preInstantiateSingletons方法
// 实例化所有剩余的（非惰性初始化）单例。
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
}
5、DefaultListableBeanFactory调用preInstantiateSingletons()方法实例化单例bean
public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);
}
// 获取所有bean名字
// Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.
// While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.
List<String> beanNames = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames);
// 触发所有非惰性单例 bean 的初始化...
// Trigger initialization of all non-lazy singleton beans...
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
// 获取RootBeanDefinition
RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
// 判断不是抽象类，是单例，不需要懒加载
if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {
// 判断是否是FactoryBean
if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
Object bean = getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
if (bean instanceof FactoryBean) {
FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) bean;
boolean isEagerInit;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged(
(PrivilegedAction<Boolean>) ((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory)::isEagerInit,
getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&
((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit());
}
if (isEagerInit) {
getBean(beanName);
}
}
}
else {
// 普通Bean走这边
// 获取bean
getBean(beanName);
}
}
}
// 为所有适用的 bean 触发初始化后回调... (实现了SmartInitializingSingleton接口的bean)
// Trigger post-initialization callback for all applicable beans...
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
Object singletonInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (singletonInstance instanceof SmartInitializingSingleton) {
StartupStep smartInitialize = this.getApplicationStartup().start("spring.beans.smart-initialize")
.tag("beanName", beanName);
SmartInitializingSingleton smartSingleton = (SmartInitializingSingleton) singletonInstance;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () -> {
smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
return null;
}, getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
}
smartInitialize.end();
}
}
}
6、AbstractBeanFactory的getBean(beanName)方法
do开头的方法才是真正干活的
public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException {
return doGetBean(name, null, null, false);
}
7、doGetBean方法返回指定 bean 的一个实例
protected <T> T doGetBean(
String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType, @Nullable Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
throws BeansException {
......
......
if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
logger.trace("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
}
else {
logger.trace("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
}
beanInstance = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
}
else {
......
......
// Create bean instance.
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
// 获取单例bean
// 返回以给定名称注册的（原始）单例对象，如果尚未注册，则创建并注册一个新对象。参数： beanName - bean 的名称 singletonFactory
// - 懒惰地创建单例的 ObjectFactory，如果需要返回：注册的单例对象
sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
try {
// 创建bean对象
// getSingleton方法中会调用ObjectFactory的getObject方法
// 及调用当前代码块实现，调用createBean创建bean
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
destroySingleton(beanName);
throw ex;
}
});
beanInstance = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
......
......
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
beanCreation.tag("exception", ex.getClass().toString());
beanCreation.tag("message", String.valueOf(ex.getMessage()));
cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
throw ex;
}
finally {
beanCreation.end();
}
}
return adaptBeanInstance(name, beanInstance, requiredType);
}
8、createBean方法创建bean
AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类的createBean方法
此类的中心方法：创建 bean 实例、填充 bean 实例、应用后处理器等。
protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
......
......
try {
// 创建bean实例
Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
return beanInstance;
}
catch (BeanCreationException | ImplicitlyAppearedSingletonException ex) {
// A previously detected exception with proper bean creation context already,
// or illegal singleton state to be communicated up to DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Unexpected exception during bean creation", ex);
}
}
9、doCreateBean方法实际创建指定的bean
do开头的才是干活的方法
protected Object doCreateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
// Instantiate the bean.
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
}
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
// 使用适当的实例化策略为指定的 bean 创建一个新实例：工厂方法、构造函数自动装配或简单实例化。
// 返回bean的包装器
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
// 从包装器中获取实例bean
Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
}
// Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
try {
applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
}
mbd.postProcessed = true;
}
}
// 即使被 BeanFactoryAware 等生命周期接口触发，也急切地缓存单例以解析循环引用。
// isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation判断是否在创建中
// 是否需要提前暴露bean的引用，解决bean循环依赖问题、AOP代理等
// Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
// 如果需要提前暴露，将Lamda表达式（ObjectFactory）加入到singletonFactories中
// getEarlyBeanReference 获取对指定 bean 的早期访问的引用，通常用于解析循环引用。
addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}
// Initialize the bean instance.
Object exposedObject = bean;
try {
// 对bean实例进行填充属性
// 例如@Autowired指定的依赖
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
// 初始化给定的 bean 实例，应用工厂回调以及 init 方法和 bean 后处理器。
exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
}
else {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
}
}
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
if (exposedObject == bean) {
exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
}
else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length);
for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
}
}
if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
"Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
"] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
"wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
"bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
"'getBeanNamesForType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
}
}
}
}
// Register bean as disposable.
try {
registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
}
return exposedObject;
}
10、Bean属性填充populateBean方法
使用 bean 定义中的属性值填充给定 BeanWrapper 中的 bean 实例。
解决bean的依赖注入问题，如果出现循环依赖那么
populateBean——>getBean——>doGetBean——>createBean——>doCreateBean——>populateBean…
进行递归创建bean实例
11、Bean的初始化initializeBean方法
protected Object initializeBean(String beanName, Object bean, @Nullable RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () -> {
invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
return null;
}, getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
// 执行Aware接口的方法
// 这是一个private方法
// 只对实现了BeanNameAware BeanClassLoaderAware BeanFactoryAware接口的bean调用对应的setter方法赋值
invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
}
Object wrappedBean = bean;
if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
// 调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization前置通知方法
wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
}
try {
// 调用bean实现InitializingBean接口的afterPropertiesSet方法
// 以及在给定的 bean 上调用指定的自定义 init 方法
invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
(mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null),
beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex);
}
if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
// 调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessAfterInitialization后置通知方法
wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
}
return wrappedBean;
}
12、执行applicationContext.close()容器销毁
关闭此应用程序上下文，销毁其 bean 工厂中的所有 bean。
public void close() {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
doClose();
// If we registered a JVM shutdown hook, we don't need it anymore now:
// We've already explicitly closed the context.
if (this.shutdownHook != null) {
try {
Runtime.getRuntime().removeShutdownHook(this.shutdownHook);
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
// ignore - VM is already shutting down
}
}
}
}
13、doClose()执行上下文关闭
实际执行上下文关闭：发布一个 ContextClosedEvent 并销毁此应用程序上下文的 bean 工厂中的单例。由 close() 和 JVM 关闭挂钩（如果有）调用。
protected void doClose() {
// Check whether an actual close attempt is necessary...
if (this.active.get() && this.closed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Closing " + this);
}
if (!NativeDetector.inNativeImage()) {
LiveBeansView.unregisterApplicationContext(this);
}
try {
// 发布关闭事件
// Publish shutdown event.
publishEvent(new ContextClosedEvent(this));
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
logger.warn("Exception thrown from ApplicationListener handling ContextClosedEvent", ex);
}
// Stop all Lifecycle beans, to avoid delays during individual destruction.
if (this.lifecycleProcessor != null) {
try {
this.lifecycleProcessor.onClose();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
logger.warn("Exception thrown from LifecycleProcessor on context close", ex);
}
}
// 销毁上下文的 BeanFactory 中所有缓存的单例。
// 执行bean实现DisposableBean接口的destroy方法
// 以及在给定的 bean 上调用指定的自定义 destroy 方法
// Destroy all cached singletons in the context's BeanFactory.
destroyBeans();
// Close the state of this context itself.
closeBeanFactory();
// Let subclasses do some final clean-up if they wish...
onClose();
// Reset local application listeners to pre-refresh state.
if (this.earlyApplicationListeners != null) {
this.applicationListeners.clear();
this.applicationListeners.addAll(this.earlyApplicationListeners);
}
// Switch to inactive.
this.active.set(false);
}
}
总结
Bean的创建过程（生命周期）
1、Bean的实例化
通过反射调用构造方法进行实例化或工厂方法进行实例化
2、Bean的初始化
1、调用bean实现Aware接口的setter方法（回调）
2、调用BeanPostProcessor的前置通知方法postProcessBeforeInitialization
3、调用Bean实现InitializingBean接口的afterPropertiesSet方法
4、调用Bean指定的自定义 init 方法
5、调用BeanPostProcessor的后置通知方法postProcessAfterInitialization
3、Bean的使用
通过spring容器进行getBean获取使用
4、Bean的销毁
1、调用bean实现DisposableBean接口的destroy方法
2、 调用 bean 上调用指定的自定义 destroy 方法
其中还有很多细节的地方没有深究
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