oracle函数：extract

此函数从oracle 9i引入，用于在interval或者date类型中截取到特定的一部分

从一个date类型中截取年月日

 select  extract (year from sysdate) year, extract (month from sysdate) month, extract (day from sysdate) day from  dual;

select extract (year from date '2020-03-11') year, extract (month from date'2020-03-11') month, extract (day from date '2020-03-11') day from dual;

从timestamp中获取年月日时分秒

select 
 extract(year from systimestamp) year
,extract(month from systimestamp) month
,extract(day from systimestamp) day
,extract(minute from systimestamp) minute
,extract(second from systimestamp) second
,extract(timezone_hour from systimestamp) th
,extract(timezone_minute from systimestamp) tm
,extract(timezone_region from systimestamp) tr
,extract(timezone_abbr from systimestamp) ta
from dual