POJ 1456 Supermarket【并查集+贪心】

A supermarket has a set Prod of products on sale. It earns a profit px for each product x∈Prod sold by a deadline dx that is measured as an integral number of time units starting from the moment the sale begins. Each product takes precisely one unit of time for being sold. A selling schedule is an ordered subset of products Sell ≤ Prod such that the selling of each product x∈Sell, according to the ordering of Sell, completes before the deadline dx or just when dx expires. The profit of the selling schedule is Profit(Sell)=Σ x∈Sellpx. An optimal selling schedule is a schedule with a maximum profit. 
For example, consider the products Prod={a,b,c,d} with (pa,da)=(50,2), (pb,db)=(10,1), (pc,dc)=(20,2), and (pd,dd)=(30,1). The possible selling schedules are listed in table 1. For instance, the schedule Sell={d,a} shows that the selling of product d starts at time 0 and ends at time 1, while the selling of product a starts at time 1 and ends at time 2. Each of these products is sold by its deadline. Sell is the optimal schedule and its profit is 80. 

Write a program that reads sets of products from an input text file and computes the profit of an optimal selling schedule for each set of products. 

Input

A set of products starts with an integer 0 <= n <= 10000, which is the number of products in the set, and continues with n pairs pi di of integers, 1 <= pi <= 10000 and 1 <= di <= 10000, that designate the profit and the selling deadline of the i-th product. White spaces can occur freely in input. Input data terminate with an end of file and are guaranteed correct.

Output

For each set of products, the program prints on the standard output the profit of an optimal selling schedule for the set. Each result is printed from the beginning of a separate line.

Sample Input

4  50 2  10 1   20 2   30 1

7  20 1   2 1   10 3  100 2   8 2
   5 20  50 10

Sample Output

80
185

Hint

The sample input contains two product sets. The first set encodes the products from table 1. The second set is for 7 products. The profit of an optimal schedule for these products is 185.

题解：优先考虑卖出利润大的物品，并且对每个商品，在它过期之前尽量晚卖出。（占用较晚的时间，对其他商品具有决策包容性）。然后按照商品利润从大到小排序，并建立一个关于天数的并查集。对于每个商品，若它在 dx 天后过期，则查询它的树根，记为 r ，若 r > 0，则把该商品安排在第 r 天卖出，合并 r 与 r-1，意思就是第 r 天已经被占用。累加答案。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#define ll long long
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 10000+7;
struct node {
    int px, dx;
}a[maxn];
int n;
int fa[maxn];
bool cmp(node a, node b){
    return a.px > b.px;
}
int get(int x) {
    if(x == fa[x]) return x;
    return fa[x] = get(fa[x]);
}
int main()
{
    while(~scanf("%d", &n)){
        int ans = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < maxn; i++)
            fa[i] = i;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
            scanf("%d %d", &a[i].px, &a[i].dx);
        }
        sort(a, a+n, cmp);
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
            int r = get(a[i].dx);
            if(r > 0){
                ans += a[i].px;
                fa[r] = r-1;
            }
        }
        printf("%d\n", ans);
    }
    return 0;
}