Java 爪哇学习(二) 基础

一·包和访问权限

同包默认或protected

package x;

public class Person {
    int  age;  # or protected int age
}

package x;

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Person p = new Person();
        p.age = 100;
        System.out.println("kdjkd");
    }

}

不同包默认不可访问

private 同包也不可访问

⚠️：默认包权限的是区别于c++的！！！

二·重载

函数重载

package x;

public class Person {
    int  age;
    public int add(int a,int b){
        return  a+b;
    }
    public double add(double a,double b){
        return  a+b;
    }
}

构造重载

package x;

public class Person {
    protected  int  age;
    public Person(){}
    public Person(int age){
        this.age = age;   //this 引用
    }
}

⚠️：如果有自己定义有参数的构造，默认的就不存在了。和c++相同

三·调用自己的构造函数

package x;

public class Person {
    protected  int  age;
    public Person(){
        System.out.println("default construction");
    }
    public Person(int age){
        this();  //相当于Person() 调用上面没有参数的构造方法
        this.age = age;   //this 引用
    }

}

🈯️：this（）；这样调用

调用：
Person p = new Person(20);
结果：
default construction

四·Static的运用（c++同吧）

• 静态的变量

public class Person {
    static  int  age;
}

调用

Person.age = 30;
Person p1 = new Person();
Person p2 = new Person();
System.out.println(p1.age+" "+p2.age);

结果：
30 30

⚠️：c#里面对象不支持访问静态的参数～～～

• 静态的函数

⚠️：我们的静态函数是不能访问到 非static的变量–>可能涉及到没对象生成就用this访问了

正确演示

package x;

public class Person {
    static  int  age;
    public static void SetAge(int age1){
        age = age1;
    }

}

调用：

Person.SetAge(20);
System.out.println(Person.age);
结果：
20

五·静态代码块

static{ }

package x;

public class Person {
    static  int  age;
    static {age = 20;}
}

六·继承

⚠️：区分重载 (overload)和 重写(override)

c++中的继承

class Dog:public Animal

• 简单继承

package x;

public class Animal {
    String name;
    void shout(){
        System.out.println("animal shout!");
    }
}

package x;

class Dog extends Animal {
    //C++ :  class Dog:public Animal
    void printName(){
        System.out.println("name="+name);
    }


}

调用：

public static void main(String[] args){
    Dog dog = new Dog();
    dog.name = "XX";
    dog.printName();
}

---

• shou重写

package x;

class Dog extends Animal {
    //C++ :  class Dog:public Animal
    void printName(){
        System.out.println("name="+name);
    }
    void shout(){
        System.out.println("dog shout");
    }


}

---

• super. —>对应c++中 Animal::

package x;

class Dog extends Animal {
    //C++ :  class Dog:public Animal
    void printName(){
        System.out.println("name="+name);
    }
    void shout(){
        super.shout();
        System.out.println("dog shout");
    }


}

---

• Super 和 构造函数

package x;

public class Animal {
    String name;
    void shout(){
        System.out.println("animal shout!");
    }
    Animal(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
}

package x;

class Dog extends Animal {
    //C++ :  class Dog:public Animal
    void printName(){
        System.out.println("name="+name);
    }
    void shout(){
        super.shout();
        System.out.println("dog shout");
    }
    Dog(){
        super("Dog");
    }

}

---

• Super 的父类 的值

⚠️：看setAge 和 printAge

package x;

public class Animal {
    int age;
    String name;
    void shout(){
        System.out.println("animal shout!");
    }
    Animal(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
}

package x;

class Dog extends Animal {
    int age;
    //C++ :  class Dog:public Animal
    void printName(){
        System.out.println("name="+name);
    }
    void shout(){
        super.shout();
        System.out.println("dog shout");
    }
    Dog(){
        super("Dog");
    }

    void setAge(int age){
        super.age = age;
    }
    void printAge(){
        System.out.println(super.age);
    }

}

七·Object

• equals 判断内容相等

• hashCode

  H(x1) = y1 & H(x2) = y2

  X1 != x2. --> y1 != y2

• toString(). -->任何对象都能转。记得重写！！！

  不然如下：

  System.out.println(dog.toString());
  

  输出		
  x.Dog@6e0be858
  解释：
  x:包
  Dog:类名
  @:位于
  

  重写：

  ⚠️：一定要public 因为object里的toString本来就是public了吧

  public String toString(){
      return "Dog~~toString";
  }
  

• finalize(). --> delete的时候会自动调用