MyBatis-Plus 之selectMaps、selectObjs、selectCount、selectOne

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MyBatis-Plus 之selectMaps、selectObjs、selectCount、selectOne

首先创建一个数据库表,如下图所示:
在这里插入图片描述

然后创建一个Spring Boot项目,pom.xml和配置如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.kaven</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-plus</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.49</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>
spring:
  application:
    name: mybatis-plus
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    username: root
    password: ITkaven@123
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false

server:
  port: 8085

logging:
  level:
    root: warn
    com.kaven.mybatisplus.dao: trace
  pattern:
    console: '%p%m%n'

mybatis-plus:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mappers/*.xml

实体类User:

package com.kaven.mybatisplus.entity;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableField;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;
import lombok.Data;

@TableName("user")
@Data
public class User {

    @TableId
    private String id;

    @TableField("username")
    private String username;

    @TableField("password")
    private String password;

    @TableField("age")
    private Integer age;

    /**
     * 使用 @TableField(exist = false) ,表示该字段在数据库中不存在 ,所以不会插入数据库中
     * 使用 transient 、 static 修饰属性也不会插入数据库中
     */
    @TableField(exist = false)
    private String phone;
}

Mapper接口UserMapper:

package com.kaven.mybatisplus.dao;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.kaven.mybatisplus.entity.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> {}

启动类:

package com.kaven.mybatisplus;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.kaven.mybatisplus.dao")
public class AppRun {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AppRun.class , args);
    }
}

@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.kaven.mybatisplus.dao")这个一定要加上。

我们先在数据库中添加几行数据,方便演示。
在这里插入图片描述

  • selectMaps

来看一下源码:

    /**
     * 根据 Wrapper 条件,查询全部记录
     *
     * @param queryWrapper 实体对象封装操作类(可以为 null)
     */
    List<Map<String, Object>> selectMaps(@Param(Constants.WRAPPER) Wrapper<T> queryWrapper);

方法返回List<Map<String, Object>>类型的值,它的应用场景就是当我们只需要对象的一小部分属性或者对象没有的属性时,这种方法就显得很有用了。

我们先不使用selectMaps来实现一下只需要对象的一部分属性。

package com.kaven.mybatisplus.dao;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;
import com.kaven.mybatisplus.entity.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserMapperMapsTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Test
    public void selectList(){
        QueryWrapper<User> userQueryWrapper = Wrappers.query();

        userQueryWrapper.select(User.class , e -> !e.getColumn().equals("password")).lt("age" , 50);
        List<User> userList = userMapper.selectList(userQueryWrapper);
        userList.forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

结果如下:
在这里插入图片描述
结果虽然是正确的,但输出的user数据中有为null的属性,当不需要的属性比较多时,这种方法就不太好。

使用selectMaps来实现一下只需要对象的一部分属性。

package com.kaven.mybatisplus.dao;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;
import com.kaven.mybatisplus.entity.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserMapperMapsTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Test
    public void selectMaps(){
        QueryWrapper<User> userQueryWrapper = Wrappers.query();

        userQueryWrapper.select(User.class , e -> !e.getColumn().equals("password")).lt("age" , 50);
        List<Map<String , Object>> mapList = userMapper.selectMaps(userQueryWrapper);
        mapList.forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

结果如下:
在这里插入图片描述
结果也是正确的,并且没有那些为null的属性值。

再来演示一下selectMaps怎么返回给我们实体类中不存在的属性。

  • age进行分组,并且每组age和要小于60,输出平均age、最大age、最小age

这个例子可能不太好,但能体现出selectMaps的方便之处,因为平均age、最大age、最小ageUser实体类中没有的属性。

package com.kaven.mybatisplus.dao;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;
import com.kaven.mybatisplus.entity.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserMapperMapsTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Test
    public void selectMaps2(){
        QueryWrapper<User> userQueryWrapper = Wrappers.query();

        userQueryWrapper.select("avg(age) avg_age" , "min(age) min_age" , "max(age) max_age")
                        .groupBy("age")
                        .having("sum(age) < {0}" , 60);
        List<Map<String , Object>> mapList = userMapper.selectMaps(userQueryWrapper);
        mapList.forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

结果如下:
在这里插入图片描述
结果是正确的,可以看一下输出的sql语句。

  • selectObjs

看一下源码:

    /**
     * 根据 Wrapper 条件,查询全部记录
     * <p>注意: 只返回第一个字段的值</p>
     *
     * @param queryWrapper 实体对象封装操作类(可以为 null)
     */
    List<Object> selectObjs(@Param(Constants.WRAPPER) Wrapper<T> queryWrapper);

从源码的注释中可以看到注意: 只返回第一个字段的值这句话,我们来演示一下该方法就能明白这句话了。

package com.kaven.mybatisplus.dao;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;
import com.kaven.mybatisplus.entity.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserMapperOtherTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Test
    public void selectObjs(){
        QueryWrapper<User> userQueryWrapper = Wrappers.query();

        userQueryWrapper.select("username" , "age").likeRight("username","k").le("age" , 30);
        List<Object> objectList = userMapper.selectObjs(userQueryWrapper);
        objectList.forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

结果如下:
在这里插入图片描述
很显然,结果是正确的,并且只返回了username

  • selectCount

看一下源码:

    /**
     * 根据 Wrapper 条件,查询总记录数
     *
     * @param queryWrapper 实体对象封装操作类(可以为 null)
     */
    Integer selectCount(@Param(Constants.WRAPPER) Wrapper<T> queryWrapper);

该方法其实就是返回符合条件的记录数。

我们来演示一下。

package com.kaven.mybatisplus.dao;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;
import com.kaven.mybatisplus.entity.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserMapperOtherTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Test
    public void selectCount(){
        QueryWrapper<User> userQueryWrapper = Wrappers.query();

        userQueryWrapper.likeRight("username","k").le("age" , 30);
        Integer count = userMapper.selectCount(userQueryWrapper);
        System.out.println(count);
    }
}

结果如下:
在这里插入图片描述
结果也是正确的。

  • selectOne

也来看一下源码:

    /**
     * 根据 entity 条件,查询一条记录
     *
     * @param queryWrapper 实体对象封装操作类(可以为 null)
     */
    T selectOne(@Param(Constants.WRAPPER) Wrapper<T> queryWrapper);

这个方法会返回一个实体,所以,如果有多条数据匹配的话,就会报错。

我们来演示一下报错的情况。

package com.kaven.mybatisplus.dao;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;
import com.kaven.mybatisplus.entity.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserMapperOtherTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Test
    public void selectOneError(){
        QueryWrapper<User> userQueryWrapper = Wrappers.query();

        userQueryWrapper.like("username","k");
        User user = userMapper.selectOne(userQueryWrapper);
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}

报错如下:
在这里插入图片描述
再来演示一下正确的情况。

package com.kaven.mybatisplus.dao;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;
import com.kaven.mybatisplus.entity.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserMapperOtherTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Test
    public void selectOne(){
        QueryWrapper<User> userQueryWrapper = Wrappers.query();

        userQueryWrapper.like("username","kaven");
        User user = userMapper.selectOne(userQueryWrapper);
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}

结果如下:
在这里插入图片描述
结果是正确的。

写博客是博主记录自己的学习过程,如果有错误,请指正,谢谢!

### Select Maps in the Context of Database Queries and APIs In the realm of information technology (IT), particularly within databases and application programming interfaces (APIs), "select maps" can be understood as mechanisms that facilitate efficient data retrieval operations. In a database context, this concept closely alignates with how queries are optimized using indexing strategies such as covering indexes[^2]. A covering index includes all columns required by a query so that no further lookups into the table's clustered index or heap are necessary. For instance, when dealing with SQL-based relational databases, developers often employ select statements combined with map-like structures to retrieve specific pieces of information efficiently. This approach minimizes unnecessary processing steps during execution plans generated from these queries. The optimization goal here is similar to what has been described regarding Bao’s method where an optimal plan tree \( t \in T \) aims at reducing computational overhead while ensuring accurate results based on given inputs like queries \( q \)[^1]. When it comes to API usage, selecting appropriate endpoints along with mapping parameters effectively mirrors the idea behind crafting well-optimized database queries. Developers must consider both performance implications and ease-of-use aspects when designing systems involving external service calls. An effective strategy involves predefining mappings between requested resources and available services—akin to preparing tailored prompt sets \( HSet_i \) for different types of requests—to streamline interactions without sacrificing flexibility or speed. ```sql -- Example of creating a covering index in SQL Server CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_CoveringIndex ON Orders(OrderDate) INCLUDE (CustomerID, TotalAmount); ``` --related questions-- 1. How does implementing a covering index improve read performance in large datasets? 2. What considerations should one take into account before deciding whether to create a covering index? 3. Can you provide examples illustrating differences between simple indices versus composite ones including covered fields? 4. Are there any potential drawbacks associated with overusing covering indexes within applications? 5. Explain best practices for integrating selective parameter mappings in RESTful API designs?
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