模拟实现动态通讯录

       动态内存开辟较静态内存开辟而言，内存比较灵活，静态内存是事先就给定的，动态内存开辟既节约内存空间，使用起来有比较灵活。

      在动态内存开辟的过程中要熟练掌握malloc、realloc以及free函数的使用；为了测试比较容易一点，我们在注意#define定义的初始容量大小，不要太大。；和静态版通讯录一样，分别定义三个文件，代码如下：

Contact.h

#ifndef __CONTACT_H__ 
#define __CONTACT_H__ 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//#include <iostream> 
#include<string.h>


#define MAX 1000 
#define NAME_MAX 20 
#define SEX_MAX 5 
#define ADDR_MAX 30 
#define TELE_MAX 12
#define Set_size 3
#define Incre_size 2

typedef struct PeoInfo
{
	char name[NAME_MAX];
	int age;
	char sex[SEX_MAX];
	char addr[ADDR_MAX];
	char tele[TELE_MAX];
}PeoInfo;


typedef struct Contact
{
	PeoInfo *data;//元素存储的区域
	int sz;//元素个数
	int capacity;//容量
}Contact, *pContact;


void InitContact(pContact pcon);//初始化
void AddContact(pContact pcon);//添加联系人
void ShowContact(const pContact pcon);//显示联系人
void DelContact(pContact pcon);//删除指定联系人
void SearchContact(pContact pcon);//查找联系人
void ModifyContact(pContact pcon);//修改联系人信息
void SortContach(pContact pcon);//按姓名给联系人排序
void ClearContact(pContact pcon);//清空联系人
void FreeContact(pContact pcon);//释放内存空间
#endif

Contact.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"Contact.h"
void InitContact(pContact pcon)
{
	pcon->sz = 0;
	pcon->data = malloc(Set_size*sizeof(PeoInfo));
	if (pcon->data == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	memset(pcon->data, 0, Set_size*sizeof(PeoInfo));
	pcon->capacity = Set_size;
}
void CheckCapacity(pContact pcon)
{
	if (pcon->data == pcon->capacity)
	{
		PeoInfo* ptr = realloc(pcon->data, (pcon->capacity + Incre_size)*sizeof(PeoInfo));
		if (ptr = NULL)
		{
			perror("realloc");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		else
		{
			pcon->data = ptr;
		}
		pcon->capacity += Incre_size;
		printf("增容成功");
	}
}
void AddContact(pContact pcon)
{
	CheckCapacity(pcon);
	printf("输入联系人的信息:\n");
	printf("姓名:");
	scanf("%s", pcon->data[pcon->sz].name);
	printf("年龄:");
	scanf("%2d", &pcon->data[pcon->sz].age);
	printf("性别:");
	scanf("%s", pcon->data[pcon->sz].sex);
	printf("地址:");
	scanf("%s", pcon->data[pcon->sz].addr);
	printf("电话:");
	scanf("%s", pcon->data[pcon->sz].tele);

	pcon->sz++;
	printf("添加成功\n");

}

void FreeContact(pContact pcon)
{
	free(pcon->data);
	pcon -> data = NULL;
	pcon->sz = 0;
}
static int search(pContact pcon, char name[])//内部定义的查找函数
{
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < pcon->sz; i++)
	{
		if (strcmp(pcon->data[i].name, name) == 0)
		{
			return i;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}
//查找联系人
void SearchContact(pContact pcon)
{
	int i = 0;
	char name[NAME_MAX] = { 0 };
	printf("请输入你要查找的名字：");
	scanf("%s", &name);
	int ret = search(pcon, name);
	if (ret == -1)
	{
		printf("没有您要查找的名字！\n");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("\t姓名\t年龄\t性别\t地址\t电话");
		printf("\n");
		printf("\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t\n",
			pcon->data[ret].name,
			pcon->data[ret].age,
			pcon->data[ret].sex,
			pcon->data[ret].addr,
			pcon->data[ret].tele);
	}
}
//删除联系人
void DelContact(pContact pcon)
{
	int i = 0;
	char name[NAME_MAX] = { 0 };
	printf("请输入你要删除的名字：");
	scanf("%s", &name);
	int ret = search(pcon, name);
	if (ret == -1)
	{
		printf("没有您要删除的姓名\n");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		for (i = ret; i < pcon->sz; i++)
		{
			pcon->data[i] = pcon->data[i + 1];
		}
		printf("删除成功！");
		pcon->sz--;
	}
}
//修改联系人信息
void ModifyContact(pContact pcon)
{
	char name[NAME_MAX] = { 0 };
	printf("请输入你要修改的名字：");
	scanf("%s", &name);
	int ret = search(pcon, name);
	if (ret == -1)
	{
		printf("没有您要修改的名字\n");
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("请输入姓名：");
		scanf("%s", pcon->data[ret].name);
		printf("请输入年龄：");
		scanf("%d", &pcon->data[ret].age);
		printf("请输入性别：");
		scanf("%s", pcon->data[ret].sex);
		printf("请输入地址：");
		scanf("%s", pcon->data[ret].addr);
		printf("请输入电话：");
		scanf("%s", pcon->data[ret].tele);
		printf("修改成功！");
	}
}
//显示联系人
void ShowContact(const pContact pcon)
{
	int i = 0;
	printf("\t姓名\t年龄\t性别\t地址\t电话");
	printf("\n");
	for (i = 0; i < pcon->sz; i++)
	{
		printf("\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t\n",
			pcon->data[i].name, pcon->data[i].age,
			pcon->data[i].sex, pcon->data[i].addr,
			pcon->data[i].tele);
	}
}
//清空联系人
void ClearContact(pContact pcon)
{
	pcon->sz = 0;
	memset(pcon->data, 0, sizeof(pcon->data));
	printf("清空成功\n");
}
//按姓名排序
void SortContach(pContact pcon)
{
	int i = 0;
	int j = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < pcon->sz; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < pcon->sz - i - 1; j++)
		{
			if (strcmp(pcon->data[j].name, pcon->data[j + 1].name)>0)
			{
				PeoInfo tmp = pcon->data[j];
				pcon->data[j] = pcon->data[j + 1];
				pcon->data[j + 1] = tmp;
			}
		}
	}
}

test.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"Contact.h"
void menu()
{
	printf("\t********** 通讯录管理 **********\n");
	printf("\t*** 1.添加联系人 2.查找联系人***\n");
	printf("\t*** 3.删除联系人 4.修改联系人***\n");
	printf("\t*** 5.清空联系人 6.显示联系人***\n");
	printf("\t*** 7.按姓名排序 0.退出系统  ***\n");
	printf("\t**********  请选择:  ***********\n");
}
int main()
{
	int input = 0;
	PeoInfo pcon[MAX];
	InitContact(pcon);
	do{
		menu();
		printf("请选择：");
		scanf("%d", &input);
		switch (input)
		{
		case 1:
			AddContact(&pcon);
			break;
		case 2:
			SearchContact(&pcon);
			break;
		case 3:
			DelContact(&pcon);
			break;
		case 4:
			ModifyContact(&pcon);
			break;
		case 5:
			ClearContact(&pcon);
			break;
		case 6:
			ShowContact(&pcon);
			break;
		case 7:
			SortContach(&pcon);
			break;
		case 0:
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	while (input != 0);
	FreeContact(&pcon);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}