SpringBoot-2.7.6内置Tomcat启动以及DispatcherServlet装配过程

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前言

SpringBoot是一个框架，一种全新的编程规范，他的产生简化了框架的使用，同时也提供了很多便捷的功能，比如内置tomcat就是其中一项，他让我们省去了搭建tomcat容器，生成war，部署，启动tomcat。那么内置tomcat是如何启动以及DispatcherServlet在此过程中如何装配的？接下来我们就透过源代码来把握它的来龙去脉。以下所有内容都是基于SpringBoot-2.7.6版本来的，版本不同流程或许会有差异，在参照本文调试源码时要注意本地的SpringBoot版本。

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一、Springboot的Web场景启动器

1.场景启动器

• SpringBoot的Web场景启动器为spring-boot-starter-web，该场景启动器中包含了内置tomcat的场景启动器“spring-boot-starter-tomcat”、SpringWeb及SpringMVC的依赖，maven信息如下。场景启动器引入后会启用DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration、ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration的自动配置，装配TomcatServletWebServerFactory和DispatcherServletRegistrationBean等。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      <version>2.7.6</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
      <version>2.7.6</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
      <version>2.7.6</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.24</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.24</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

2.关键组件

2.1.WebServer工厂-TomcatServletWebServerFactory

可用于创建TomcatWebServers。可以使用Spring的Servlet ContextInitializers或Tomcat LifecycleListeners进行初始化。

• 继承关系图
  

• 源码

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2022 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.Engine;
import org.apache.catalina.Host;
import org.apache.catalina.Lifecycle;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleEvent;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener;
import org.apache.catalina.Manager;
import org.apache.catalina.Valve;
import org.apache.catalina.WebResource;
import org.apache.catalina.WebResourceRoot.ResourceSetType;
import org.apache.catalina.WebResourceSet;
import org.apache.catalina.Wrapper;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;
import org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener;
import org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappLoader;
import org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.FixContextListener;
import org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase;
import org.apache.catalina.util.SessionConfig;
import org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractResourceSet;
import org.apache.catalina.webresources.EmptyResource;
import org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot;
import org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol;
import org.apache.coyote.ProtocolHandler;
import org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.Registry;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter;

import org.springframework.boot.util.LambdaSafe;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.Cookie.SameSite;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.ErrorPage;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.MimeMappings;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServer;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializer;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.AbstractServletWebServerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.CookieSameSiteSupplier;
import org.springframework.context.ResourceLoaderAware;
import org.springframework.core.NativeDetector;
import org.springframework.core.io.ResourceLoader;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

/**
 * {@link AbstractServletWebServerFactory} that can be used to create
 * {@link TomcatWebServer}s. Can be initialized using Spring's
 * {@link ServletContextInitializer}s or Tomcat {@link LifecycleListener}s.
 * <p>
 * Unless explicitly configured otherwise this factory will create containers that listen
 * for HTTP requests on port 8080.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Dave Syer
 * @author Brock Mills
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @author Andy Wilkinson
 * @author Eddú Meléndez
 * @author Christoffer Sawicki
 * @author Dawid Antecki
 * @since 2.0.0
 * @see #setPort(int)
 * @see #setContextLifecycleListeners(Collection)
 * @see TomcatWebServer
 */
public class TomcatServletWebServerFactory extends AbstractServletWebServerFactory
		implements ConfigurableTomcatWebServerFactory, ResourceLoaderAware {
   

	private static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

	private static final Set<Class<?>> NO_CLASSES = Collections.emptySet();

	/**
	 * The class name of default protocol used.
	 */
	public static final String DEFAULT_PROTOCOL = "org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol";

	private File baseDirectory;

	private List<Valve> engineValves = new ArrayList<>();

	private List<Valve> contextValves = new ArrayList<>();

	private List<LifecycleListener> contextLifecycleListeners = new ArrayList<>();

	private List<LifecycleListener> serverLifecycleListeners = getDefaultServerLifecycleListeners();

	private Set<TomcatContextCustomizer> tomcatContextCustomizers = new LinkedHashSet<>();

	private Set<TomcatConnectorCustomizer> tomcatConnectorCustomizers = new LinkedHashSet<>();

	private Set<TomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizer<?>> tomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizers = new LinkedHashSet<>();

	private final List<Connector> additionalTomcatConnectors = new ArrayList<>();

	private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

	private String protocol = DEFAULT_PROTOCOL;

	private Set<String> tldSkipPatterns = new LinkedHashSet<>(TldPatterns.DEFAULT_SKIP);

	private Set<String> tldScanPatterns = new LinkedHashSet<>(TldPatterns.DEFAULT_SCAN);

	private Charset uriEncoding = DEFAULT_CHARSET;

	private int backgroundProcessorDelay;

	private boolean disableMBeanRegistry = true;

	/**
	 * Create a new {@link TomcatServletWebServerFactory} instance.
	 */
	public TomcatServletWebServerFactory() {
   
	}

	/**
	 * Create a new {@link TomcatServletWebServerFactory} that listens for requests using
	 * the specified port.
	 * @param port the port to listen on
	 */
	public TomcatServletWebServerFactory(int port) {
   
		super(port);
	}

	/**
	 * Create a new {@link TomcatServletWebServerFactory} with the specified context path
	 * and port.
	 * @param contextPath the root context path
	 * @param port the port to listen on
	 */
	public TomcatServletWebServerFactory(String contextPath, int port) {
   
		super(contextPath, port);
	}

	private static List<LifecycleListener> getDefaultServerLifecycleListeners() {
   
		ArrayList<LifecycleListener> lifecycleListeners = new ArrayList<>();
		if (!NativeDetector.inNativeImage()) {
   
			AprLifecycleListener aprLifecycleListener = new AprLifecycleListener();
			if (AprLifecycleListener.isAprAvailable()) {
   
				lifecycleListeners.add(aprLifecycleListener);
			}
		}
		return lifecycleListeners;
	}

	@Override
	public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
   
		if (this.disableMBeanRegistry) {
   
			Registry.disableRegistry();
		}
		Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
		File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat");
		tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
		for (LifecycleListener listener : this.serverLifecycleListeners) {
   
			tomcat.getServer().addLifecycleListener(listener);
		}
		Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
		connector.setThrowOnFailure(true);
		tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
		customizeConnector(connector);
		tomcat.setConnector(connector);
		tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
		configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
		for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
   
			tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
		}
		prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
		return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
	}

	private void configureEngine(Engine engine) {
   
		engine.setBackgroundProcessorDelay(this.backgroundProcessorDelay);
		for (Valve valve : this.engineValves) {
   
			engine.getPipeline().addValve(valve);
		}
	}

	protected void prepareContext(Host host, ServletContextInitializer[] initializers) {
   
		File documentRoot = getValidDocumentRoot();
		TomcatEmbeddedContext context = new TomcatEmbeddedContext();
		if (documentRoot != null) {
   
			context.setResources(new LoaderHidingResourceRoot(context));
		}
		context.setName(getContextPath());
		context.setDisplayName(getDisplayName());
		context.setPath(getContextPath());
		File docBase = (documentRoot != null) ? documentRoot : createTempDir("tomcat-docbase");
		context.setDocBase(docBase.getAbsolutePath());
		context.addLifecycleListener(new FixContextListener());
		context.setParentClassLoader((this.resourceLoader != null) ? this.resourceLoader.getClassLoader()
				: ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
		resetDefaultLocaleMapping(context);
		addLocaleMappings(context);
		try {
   
			context.setCreateUploadTargets(true);
		}
		catch (NoSuchMethodError ex) {
   
			// Tomcat is < 8.5.39. Continue.
		}
		configureTldPatterns(context);
		WebappLoader loader = new WebappLoader();
		loader.setLoaderClass(TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader.class.getName());
		loader.setDelegate(true);
		context.setLoader(loader);
		if (isRegisterDefaultServlet()) {
   
			addDefaultServlet(context);
		}
		if (shouldRegisterJspServlet()) {
   
			addJspServlet(context);
			addJasperInitializer(context);
		}
		context.addLifecycleListener(new StaticResourceConfigurer(context));
		ServletContextInitializer[] initializersToUse = mergeInitializers(initializers);
		host.addChild(context);
		configureContext(context, initializersToUse);
		postProcessContext(context);
	}

	/**
	 * Override Tomcat's default locale mappings to align with other servers. See
	 * {@code org.apache.catalina.util.CharsetMapperDefault.properties}.
	 * @param context the context to reset
	 */
	private void resetDefaultLocaleMapping(TomcatEmbeddedContext context) {
   
		context.addLocaleEncodingMappingParameter(Locale.ENGLISH.toString(), DEFAULT_CHARSET.displayName());
		context.addLocaleEncodingMappingParameter(Locale.FRENCH.toString(), DEFAULT_CHARSET.displayName());
		context.addLocaleEncodingMappingParameter(Locale.JAPANESE.toString(), DEFAULT_CHARSET.displayName());
	}

	private void addLocaleMappings(TomcatEmbeddedContext context) {
   
		getLocaleCharsetMappings().forEach(
				(locale, charset) -> context.addLocaleEncodingMappingParameter(locale.toString(), charset.toString()));
	}

	private void configureTldPatterns(TomcatEmbeddedContext context) {
   
		StandardJarScanFilter filter = new StandardJarScanFilter();
		filter.setTldSkip(StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(this.tldSkipPatterns));
		filter.setTldScan(StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(this.tldScanPatterns));
		context.getJarScanner().setJarScanFilter(filter);
	}

	private void addDefaultServlet(Context context) {
   
		Wrapper defaultServlet = context.createWrapper();
		defaultServlet.setName("default");
		defaultServlet.setServletClass("org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet");
		defaultServlet.addInitParameter("debug", "0");
		defaultServlet.addInitParameter("listings", "false");
		defaultServlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
		// Otherwise the default location of a Spring DispatcherServlet cannot be set
		defaultServlet.setOverridable(true);
		context.addChild(defaultServlet);
		context.addServletMappingDecoded("/", "default");
	}

	private void addJspServlet(Context context) {
   
		Wrapper jspServlet = context.createWrapper();
		jspServlet.setName("jsp");
		jspServlet.setServletClass(getJsp().getClassName());
		jspServlet.addInitParameter("fork", "false");
		getJsp().getInitParameters().forEach(jspServlet::addInitParameter);
		jspServlet.setLoadOnStartup(3);
		context.addChild(jspServlet);
		context.addServletMappingDecoded("*.jsp", "jsp");
		context.addServletMappingDecoded("*.jspx", "jsp");
	}

	private void addJasperInitializer(TomcatEmbeddedContext context) {
   
		try {
   
			ServletContainerInitializer initializer = (ServletContainerInitializer) ClassUtils
					.forName("org.apache.jasper.servlet.JasperInitializer", null).getDeclaredConstructor()
					.newInstance();
			context.addServletContainerInitializer(initializer, null);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
   
			// Probably not Tomcat 8
		}
	}

	// Needs to be protected so it can be used by subclasses
	protected void customizeConnector(Connector connector) {
   
		int port = Math.max(getPort(), 0);
		connector.setPort(port);
		if (StringUtils.hasText(getServerHeader())) {
   
			connector.setProperty("server", getServerHeader());
		}
		if (connector.getProtocolHandler() instanceof AbstractProtocol) {
   
			customizeProtocol((AbstractProtocol<?>) connector.getProtocolHandler());
		}
		invokeProtocolHandlerCustomizers(connector.getProtocolHandler());
		if (getUriEncoding() != null) {
   
			connector.setURIEncoding(getUriEncoding().name());
		}
		// Don't bind to the socket prematurely if ApplicationContext is slow to start
		connector.setProperty("bindOnInit", "false");
		if (getHttp2() != null && getHttp2().isEnabled()) {
   
			connector.addUpgradeProtocol(new Http2Protocol());
		}
		if (getSsl() != null && getSsl