树入门及基本操作代码

/* By Vamei */
/* binary search tree */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct node *position;
typedef int ElementTP;

struct node {
    position parent;
    ElementTP element;
    position lchild;
    position rchild;
};

/* pointer => root node of the tree */
typedef struct node *TREE;

void print_sorted_tree(TREE);
position find_min(TREE);
position find_max(TREE);
position find_value(TREE, ElementTP);
position insert_value(TREE, ElementTP);
ElementTP delete_node(position);

static int is_root(position);
static int is_leaf(position);
static ElementTP delete_leaf(position);
static void insert_node_to_nonempty_tree(TREE, position);

int main(void)
{
    TREE tr;
    position np;
    ElementTP element;
    tr = NULL;
    tr = insert_value(tr, 18);
    tr = insert_value(tr, 5);
    tr = insert_value(tr, 2);
    tr = insert_value(tr, 8);
    tr = insert_value(tr, 81);
    tr = insert_value(tr, 101);
    printf("Original:\n");
    print_sorted_tree(tr);

    np = find_value(tr, 18000);
    if(np != NULL) {
        delete_node(np);
        printf("After deletion:\n");
        print_sorted_tree(tr);
    }
}


/*
 * print values of the tree in sorted order
 */
void print_sorted_tree(TREE tr)
{
    if (tr == NULL) return;
    print_sorted_tree(tr->lchild);
    printf("%d \n", tr->element);
    print_sorted_tree(tr->rchild);
}

/*
 * search for minimum value
 * traverse lchild
 */
position find_min(TREE tr)
{
    position np;
    np = tr;
    if (np == NULL) return NULL;
    while(np->lchild != NULL) {
        np = np->lchild;
    }
    return np;
}

/*
 * search for maximum value
 * traverse rchild
 */
position find_max(TREE tr)
{
    position np;
    np = tr;
    if (np == NULL) return NULL;
    while(np->rchild != NULL) {
        np = np->rchild;
    }
    return np;
}

/*
 * search for value
 *
 */
position find_value(TREE tr, ElementTP value)
{
    if (tr == NULL) return NULL;

    if (tr->element == value) {
        return tr;
    }
    else if (value < tr->element) {
        return find_value(tr->lchild, value);
    }
    else {
        return find_value(tr->rchild, value);
    }
}

/*
 * delete node np
 */
ElementTP delete_node(position np)
{
    position replace;
    ElementTP element;
    if (is_leaf(np)) {
        return delete_leaf(np);
    }
    else {
        /* if a node is not a leaf, then we need to find a replacement */
        replace = (np->lchild != NULL) ? find_max(np->lchild) : find_min(np->rchild);
        element = np->element;
        np->element = delete_node(replace);
        return element;
    }
}

/*
 * insert a value into the tree
 * return root address of the tree
 */
position insert_value(TREE tr, ElementTP value) {
    position np;
    /* prepare the node */
    np = (position) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
    np->element = value;
    np->parent  = NULL;
    np->lchild  = NULL;
    np->rchild  = NULL;

    if (tr == NULL) tr = np;
    else {
        insert_node_to_nonempty_tree(tr, np);
    }
    return tr;
}


//=============================================

/*
 * np is root?
 */
static int is_root(position np)
{
    return (np->parent == NULL);
}

/*
 * np is leaf?
 */
static int is_leaf(position np)
{
    return (np->lchild == NULL && np->rchild == NULL);
}

/*
 * if an element is a leaf,
 * then it could be removed with no side effect.
 */
static ElementTP delete_leaf(position np)
{
    ElementTP element;
    position parent;
    element = np->element;
    parent  = np->parent;
    if(!is_root(np)) {
        if (parent->lchild == np) {
            parent->lchild = NULL;
        }
        else {
            parent->rchild = NULL;
        }
    }
    free(np);
    return element;
}

/*
 * insert a node to a non-empty tree
 * called by insert_value()
 */
static void insert_node_to_nonempty_tree(TREE tr, position np)
{
    /* insert the node */
    if(np->element <= tr->element) {
        if (tr->lchild == NULL) {
            /* then tr->lchild is the proper place */
            tr->lchild = np;
            np->parent = tr;
            return;
        }
        else {
            insert_node_to_nonempty_tree(tr->lchild, np);
        }
    }
    else if(np->element > tr->element) {
        if (tr->rchild == NULL) {
            tr->rchild = np;
            np->parent = tr;
            return;
        }
        else {
            insert_node_to_nonempty_tree(tr->rchild, np);
        }
    }
}